Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
Curr Obes Rep. 2021 Dec;10(4):435-443. doi: 10.1007/s13679-021-00455-9. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
The current article discusses five neural vulnerability theories for weight gain and reviews evidence from prospective studies using imaging and behavioral measures reflecting neural function, as well as randomized experiments with humans and animals that are consistent or inconsistent with these theories.
Recent prospective imaging studies examining predictors of weight gain and response to obesity treatment, and repeated-measures imaging studies before and after weight gain and loss have advanced knowledge of etiologic processes and neural plasticity resulting from weight change. Overall, data provide strong support for the incentive sensitization theory of obesity and moderate support for the reward surfeit theory, inhibitory control deficit theory, and dynamic vulnerability model of obesity, which attempted to synthesize the former theories into a single etiologic model. Data provide little support for the reward deficit theory. Important directions for future studies are delineated.
本文讨论了五种神经易损性理论，综述了使用反映神经功能的影像学和行为学指标的前瞻性研究以及与这些理论一致或不一致的人类和动物随机实验的证据。
最近的前瞻性影像学研究检查了体重增加的预测因素和肥胖治疗的反应，以及体重增加和减少前后的重复测量影像学研究，这些研究促进了对体重变化引起的发病机制过程和神经可塑性的认识。总的来说，数据强烈支持肥胖的激励敏感化理论，适度支持奖励过剩理论、抑制控制缺陷理论和肥胖的动态脆弱性模型，该模型试图将前几个理论综合成一个单一的发病模型。数据几乎不支持奖励不足理论。未来研究的重要方向被划定。
