Sichko Stassja, Bui Theresa Q, Vinograd Meghan, Shields Grant S, Saha Krishanu, Devkota Suzanne, Olvera-Alvarez Hector A, Carroll Judith E, Cole Steven W, Irwin Michael R, Slavich George M
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2021 Nov;17. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100334. Epub 2021 Aug 24.
Depression is a common, often recurrent disorder that causes substantial disease burden worldwide, and this is especially true for women following the pubertal transition. According to the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression, stressors involving social stress and rejection, which frequently precipitate major depressive episodes, induce depressive symptoms in vulnerable individuals in part by altering the activity and connectivity of stress-related neural pathways, and by upregulating components of the immune system involved in inflammation. To test this theory, we recruited adolescent females at high and low risk for depression and assessed their psychological, neural, inflammatory, and genomic responses to a brief (10 minute) social stress task, in addition to trait psychological and microbial factors affecting these responses. We then followed these adolescents longitudinally to investigate how their multi-level stress responses at baseline were related to their biological aging at baseline, and psychosocial and clinical functioning over one year. In this protocol paper, we describe the theoretical motivations for conducting this study as well as the sample, study design, procedures, and measures. Ultimately, our aim is to elucidate how social adversity influences the brain and immune system to cause depression, one of the most common and costly of all disorders.
抑郁症是一种常见且常复发的疾病，在全球范围内造成了巨大的疾病负担，青春期后的女性尤其如此。根据抑郁症的社会信号转导理论，涉及社会压力和排斥的应激源常常引发重度抑郁发作，这些应激源会在易患个体中诱发抑郁症状，部分原因是改变了与压力相关的神经通路的活性和连通性，以及上调了参与炎症反应的免疫系统成分。为了验证这一理论，我们招募了患抑郁症风险高和低的青春期女性，评估她们对一项简短（10分钟）社会应激任务的心理、神经、炎症和基因组反应，以及影响这些反应的特质心理和微生物因素。然后，我们对这些青少年进行纵向跟踪，以研究他们在基线时的多层次应激反应如何与基线时的生物衰老以及一年后的心理社会和临床功能相关。在这篇方案论文中，我们描述了开展这项研究的理论动机以及样本、研究设计、程序和测量方法。最终，我们的目标是阐明社会逆境如何影响大脑和免疫系统从而导致抑郁症，抑郁症是所有疾病中最常见且代价高昂的疾病之一。
