饮食习惯和饮水习惯与自然牙数的关系：中国老年人群的纵向研究。
Associations of dietary and drinking water habits with number of natural teeth: a longitudinal study in the Chinese elderly population.
机构信息
Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, No 22. Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, China.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2021 Oct 2;21(1):525. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02473-7.
BACKGROUND
The relationship between dietary and drinking water habits and oral health are still unclear. We aimed at evaluating the association of dietary and drinking water habits with number of teeth in the elderly adults.
METHODS
We conducted a longitudinal study based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 1998 to 2018. The data of dietary and drinking water habits at baseline were collected using a questionnaire. The number of teeth at baseline and follow-up was collected for each subject. We used the linear mixed-effect model to analyze the associations of dietary habits and drinking water sources with tooth number.
RESULTS
Among 19,896 participants at baseline, the mean age of the participants was 83.87 years, with the average number of natural teeth of 9.37, 8.26, 8.38, 8.68, 4.05, 1.92, 1.12, 2.20 for the first to eighth waves of survey. Compared with subjects drinking tap water, 1.036 (95 % CI: -1.206, -0.865), 0.880 (95 % CI: -1.122, -0.637) and 1.331 (95 % CI: -1.715, -0.947) fewer natural teeth were reported for those drinking well, surface water and spring at baseline survey. Compared with participants with rice intake as the staple food, those with wheat intake (β = -0.684; 95 % CI: -0.865, -0.503) tended to have fewer natural teeth. Compared with participants with fresh fruit intake almost every day, those with quite often intake of fresh fruit tended to have fewer teeth with a significant dose-response trend (P <0.001). Similar decreased trend for number of teeth was also indicated for increased frequency of vegetable intake (P <0.001). Fewer number of teeth was found for subjects with less frequency of meat and fish intakes.
CONCLUSIONS
The study suggested that drinking well, surface water, and spring, intakes of wheat as staple food, as well as less frequency of fresh fruit, vegetable, meat and fish intakes were associated with significantly fewer number of teeth in the Chinese elderly population.
背景
饮食和饮水习惯与口腔健康之间的关系仍不清楚。我们旨在评估老年人的饮食和饮水习惯与牙齿数量之间的关系。
方法
我们进行了一项基于 1998 年至 2018 年中国长寿纵向研究的数据的纵向研究。使用问卷收集基线时的饮食和饮水习惯数据。每位受试者的基线和随访时的牙齿数量。我们使用线性混合效应模型分析饮食习惯和饮用水源与牙齿数量的关系。
结果
在基线时的 19896 名参与者中，参与者的平均年龄为 83.87 岁，平均天然牙齿数为 9.37、8.26、8.38、8.68、4.05、1.92、1.12、2.20，分别为第一至第八次调查波。与饮用自来水的受试者相比，饮用井水、地表水和泉水的受试者在基线调查中报告的天然牙齿数分别少 1.036（95%CI：-1.206，-0.865）、0.880（95%CI：-1.122，-0.637）和 1.331（95%CI：-1.715，-0.947）。与以大米为主食的参与者相比，以小麦为主食的参与者（β=-0.684；95%CI：-0.865，-0.503）的天然牙齿数量往往较少。与每天几乎都吃新鲜水果的参与者相比，经常吃新鲜水果的参与者的牙齿数量较少，且呈显著剂量反应趋势（P<0.001）。增加蔬菜摄入量的频率也表明牙齿数量呈类似的减少趋势（P<0.001）。摄入肉类和鱼类频率较低的受试者牙齿数量也较少。
结论
本研究表明，饮用井水、地表水和泉水、以小麦为主食以及较少频率食用新鲜水果、蔬菜、肉类和鱼类与中国老年人群牙齿数量明显减少有关。
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