[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a rare benign diagnosis in young adults (a case report)].

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is defined as the presence of air in the mediastinum. It is not iatrogenic, due to a trauma or underlying lung disease. It is a rare condition affecting young adults and adolescents. The main risk of diagnostic error is due to the fact that features can be confused with those of aerodigestive fistula, sometimes leading to investigations and unnecessary and sometimes deleterious therapeutic measures. We here report a case of spontaneous, vomiting-induced pneumomediastinum in a young woman.