Associate Professor, Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
Assistant, Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
Sovrem Tekhnologii Med. 2021;13(3):81-99. doi: 10.17691/stm2021.13.3.09. Epub 2021 Jun 28.
The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread all over the world. The large amount of information that appears every day requires comprehension and systematization. The immunological aspects of the virus-host interaction are the core issues in the effective treatment and prevention of COVID-19' development. The review analyzes the known pathways of the viral invasion and evasion, the mechanisms of the cytokine storm, endothelial damage, and hypercoagulability associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical data from previous SARS and MERS epidemics is discussed here. We also address the therapeutic approaches based on the basic knowledge of immune response and the blood cells' immune functions, as well as the ways to reduce their hyperactivation. The use of interferon therapy, anti-inflammatory therapy, anti-cytokine therapy, neutralizing antibodies, convalescent plasma, and mesenchymal stem cells, as well as prophylactic vaccines, is discussed.
由 SARS-CoV-2 病毒引起的新型冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）大流行已在全球范围内蔓延。每天出现的大量信息需要理解和系统化。病毒-宿主相互作用的免疫学方面是有效治疗和预防 COVID-19 发展的核心问题。该综述分析了已知的病毒入侵和逃逸途径、细胞因子风暴、内皮损伤和与 SARS-CoV-2 感染相关的高凝机制。本文还讨论了基于免疫反应基础知识和血细胞免疫功能的治疗方法，以及降低其过度激活的方法。讨论了干扰素治疗、抗炎治疗、抗细胞因子治疗、中和抗体、恢复期血浆和间充质干细胞以及预防性疫苗的使用。
