University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, University Pediatric Clinic, Coimbra, Portugal.
Superior School of Health Technology, Dietetics and Nutrition, Coimbra, Portugal.
Obes Facts. 2021;14(6):622-632. doi: 10.1159/000519270. Epub 2021 Oct 5.
This study aimed to assess the impact of a structured medical intervention in adolescents with overweight or obesity at medical discharge and after 5 years and identify the factors responsible for the reappearance of anthropometric alterations.
A total of 42 adolescents with overweight, obesity, and/or increased waist circumference (WC) participated in a survey on eating habits, physical exercise, and sedentary habits. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), and WC were evaluated quarterly during a structured medical intervention, with a maximum duration of 3 years (2007-2010) and 5 years after its conclusion (2015-2016). SPSS 19.0®was used for statistical analysis.
Initially, 23.8% adolescents were overweight, 28.6% were obese, 83.3% had increased FM, and 95.2% had high WC. A significant improvement was noted until medical discharge with respect to BMI, FM, and WC (p < 0.001) owing to an increased number of meals; reduction in the consumption of hypercaloric foods/drinks (p < 0.001); increase in the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and soup (p < 0.001); increase in physical exercise and daily walks (p < 0.001); and reduction in sedentary habits (p < 0.001). At reassessment, after 5 years, the majority had normal BMI, FM, and WC (p < 0.001), although 45.2% had abandoned sports (p < 0.001).
A relation exists between the improvement or normalization of BMI, FM, and WC and the number of meals, healthy eating habits, physical exercise, and less sedentary habits. The intervention was associated with an improvement in the parameters during the short and medium terms.
本研究旨在评估在医疗出院后和 5 年后对超重或肥胖青少年进行结构化医疗干预的影响，并确定导致体重指数（BMI）等人体测量学变化再次出现的因素。
共有 42 名超重、肥胖和/或腰围（WC）增加的青少年参与了一项关于饮食习惯、体育锻炼和久坐习惯的调查。在结构化医疗干预期间，每季度评估一次 BMI、体脂肪（FM）和 WC，最长持续 3 年（2007-2010 年），并在干预结束后 5 年（2015-2016 年）进行评估。使用 SPSS 19.0®进行统计分析。
最初，23.8%的青少年超重，28.6%肥胖，83.3%体脂肪增加，95.2%腰围增加。由于增加了用餐次数，减少了高热食品/饮料的摄入（p<0.001），增加了水果、蔬菜和汤的摄入（p<0.001），增加了体育锻炼和日常散步（p<0.001），减少了久坐习惯（p<0.001），在医疗出院时观察到 BMI、FM 和 WC 显著改善（p<0.001）。在重新评估时，5 年后，大多数人的 BMI、FM 和 WC 恢复正常（p<0.001），尽管 45.2%的人已经放弃了运动（p<0.001）。
BMI、FM 和 WC 的改善或正常化与用餐次数、健康饮食习惯、体育锻炼和较少的久坐习惯之间存在关联。该干预措施与短期和中期参数的改善有关。
