Di Vilio Alessandro, Vergara Andrea, Desiderio Alfonso, Iodice Franco, Serio Alessandro, Palermi Stefano, Gambardella Francesco, Sperlongano Simona, Gioia Renato, Acitorio Maria, D'Andrea Antonello
Unit of Cardiology and Intensive Coronary Care, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy.
Unit of Cardiology and Intensive Coronary Care, Umberto I Hospital, Nocera Inferiore 84014, Italy.
World J Crit Care Med. 2021 Sep 9;10(5):194-203. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i5.194.
The quick evaluation of venous thromboembolism is a key point of modern medicine since the delayed diagnosis is associated with a worse prognosis. Venous ultrasound (VU) is a sensitive and rapidly performed test in cases of suspected deep venous thrombosis. Various protocols have been proposed for its execution, such as the study of the whole deep venous circulation of the lower limb or the analysis of the femoral-popliteal area. The aim is to detect a vessel thrombus and the most sensitive element is the non-compressibility with the probe. Initially, the thrombus is hypoechogenic and adherent to the vessel; later, it tends to organize and recanalize. Usually, in the early stages, the risk of embolism is higher. The role of studying the iliac axis and calf veins is still uncertain. VU is not useful for assessing response to anticoagulation therapy and it is unclear whether the persistence of thrombotic abnormalities can guide on a possible prolongation of therapy.
静脉血栓栓塞的快速评估是现代医学的关键要点，因为延迟诊断与更差的预后相关。静脉超声（VU）在疑似深静脉血栓形成的病例中是一种敏感且执行迅速的检查。已经提出了各种执行方案，如下肢整个深静脉循环的研究或股腘区域的分析。目的是检测血管血栓，最敏感的要素是探头无法压迫。最初，血栓是低回声的且附着于血管；后来，它倾向于机化和再通。通常，在早期阶段，栓塞风险更高。研究髂静脉轴和小腿静脉的作用仍不确定。VU对于评估抗凝治疗的反应无用，并且血栓形成异常的持续存在是否能指导可能的治疗延长尚不清楚。
