The George Washington University Hospital , Washington, D.C., USA.
Abdominal Imaging Section, The George Washington University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.
Emerg Radiol. 2022 Feb;29(1):161-172. doi: 10.1007/s10140-021-01974-7. Epub 2021 Oct 7.
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a term used to describe any pregnancy which does not implant into the uterine cavity. There are several types of EPs: tubal, interstitial, ovarian, abdominal, heterotopic, cervical, and cesarean scar. Ectopic pregnancies can acutely rupture and are the number one cause of maternal death in the first trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, prompt recognition and accurate localization have significant clinical implications on patient outcome. Unfortunately, EPs have many mimickers, which can make the diagnosis challenging in certain cases. In this review, we aim to describe and illustrate sonographic findings of each type of EP, as well as present mimickers and various imaging pitfalls. We will clarify how to avoid potential misdiagnoses that could adversely affect patient outcomes. Lastly, we will briefly address management of each type of EP and discuss potential complications.
宫外孕（EP）是指任何不在子宫腔植入的妊娠。有几种类型的 EP：输卵管、间质部、卵巢、腹部、异位、宫颈和剖宫产瘢痕。宫外孕可急性破裂，是妊娠早期产妇死亡的首要原因。因此，及时识别和准确定位对患者的预后有重要的临床意义。不幸的是，宫外孕有许多类似物，这使得在某些情况下诊断具有挑战性。在这篇综述中，我们旨在描述和说明每种类型宫外孕的超声表现，以及呈现的类似物和各种成像陷阱。我们将阐明如何避免可能对患者结果产生不利影响的潜在误诊。最后，我们将简要讨论每种类型宫外孕的处理方法，并讨论潜在的并发症。
