Liver Transplant Institute and Faculty of Medicine Department of Surgery, Inonu University, Battalgazi, 44000, Malatya, Turkey.
J Gastrointest Cancer. 2021 Dec;52(4):1198-1205. doi: 10.1007/s12029-021-00725-8. Epub 2021 Oct 8.
Hepatocellular cancer is an insidious tumor that is often diagnosed in a later stage of life. The tumor microenvironment is the key to tumorigenesis and progression. Many cellular and non-cellular components orchestrate the intricate process of hepatocarcinogenesis. The most important feature of hepatocellular cancer is the immune evasion process. The present review aims to summarize the key components of the tumor microenvironment in the immune evasion process.
Google Scholar and PubMed databases have been searched for the mesh terms "Hepatocellular carcinoma" or "Liver Cancer" and "microenvironment." The articles were reviewed and the components of the tumor microenvironment were summarized.
The tumor microenvironment is composed of tumor cells and non-tumoral stromal and immune cells. HCC tumor microenvironment supports aggressive tumor behavior, provides immune evasion, and is an obstacle for current immunotherapeutic strategies. The components of the tumor microenvironment are intratumoral macrophages (tumor-associated macrophages (TAM)), bone marrow-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment, and the activated hepatic stellate cells.
There are intricate mechanisms that drive hepatocarcinogenesis. The tumor microenvironment is at the center of all the complex and diverse mechanisms. Effective and multistep immunotherapies should be developed to target different components of the tumor microenvironment.
肝细胞癌是一种隐匿性肿瘤，通常在生命的晚期被诊断出来。肿瘤微环境是肿瘤发生和进展的关键。许多细胞和非细胞成分共同调控着肝癌发生的复杂过程。肝细胞癌最重要的特征是免疫逃逸过程。本综述旨在总结肿瘤微环境在免疫逃逸过程中的关键成分。
在 Google Scholar 和 PubMed 数据库中以“肝细胞癌”或“肝癌”和“微环境”为主题词进行搜索。对文章进行了回顾，并总结了肿瘤微环境的成分。
肿瘤微环境由肿瘤细胞和非肿瘤性基质及免疫细胞组成。HCC 肿瘤微环境支持侵袭性肿瘤行为，提供免疫逃逸，并成为当前免疫治疗策略的障碍。肿瘤微环境的成分包括肿瘤内巨噬细胞（肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM））、骨髓来源的抑制细胞、肿瘤相关中性粒细胞（TAN）、肿瘤微环境中的成纤维细胞和活化的肝星状细胞。
有复杂的机制驱动肝癌的发生。肿瘤微环境是所有复杂和多样化机制的核心。应该开发有效的多步骤免疫疗法来针对肿瘤微环境的不同成分。
