Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1336:215-242. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-77252-9_11.
Metabolomics studies rely on the availability of suitable analytical platforms to determine a vast collection of chemically diverse metabolites in complex biospecimens. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry operated under reversed-phase conditions is the most commonly used platform in metabolomics, which offers extensive coverage for nonpolar and moderately polar compounds. However, complementary techniques are required to obtain adequate separation of polar and ionic metabolites, which are involved in several fundamental metabolic pathways. This chapter focuses on the main mass-spectrometry-based analytical platforms used to determine polar and/or ionizable compounds in metabolomics (GC-MS, HILIC-MS, CE-MS, IPC-MS, and IC-MS). Rather than comprehensively describing recent applications related to GC-MS, HILIC-MS, and CE-MS, which have been covered in a regular basis in the literature, a brief discussion focused on basic principles, main strengths, limitations, as well as future trends is presented in this chapter, and only key applications with the purpose of illustrating important analytical aspects of each platform are highlighted. On the other hand, due to the relative novelty of IPC-MS and IC-MS in the metabolomics field, a thorough compilation of applications for these two techniques is presented here.
代谢组学研究依赖于合适的分析平台来确定复杂生物样本中大量化学多样性的代谢物。反相条件下运行的液相色谱-质谱是代谢组学中最常用的平台，它为非极性和中等极性化合物提供了广泛的覆盖范围。然而，需要互补的技术来获得极性和离子代谢物的充分分离，这些代谢物涉及到几个基本的代谢途径。本章重点介绍了用于确定代谢组学中极性和/或可离子化化合物的主要基于质谱的分析平台（GC-MS、HILIC-MS、CE-MS、IPC-MS 和 IC-MS）。本章没有全面描述 GC-MS、HILIC-MS 和 CE-MS 的最新应用，因为这些应用已经在文献中经常被涵盖，而是重点介绍了基本原理、主要优点、局限性以及未来趋势的简要讨论，并仅突出了每个平台的重要分析方面的关键应用。另一方面，由于 IPC-MS 和 IC-MS 在代谢组学领域相对较新，因此这里全面介绍了这两种技术的应用。
