Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 30;22(19):10614. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910614.
The growing application of materials containing TiO particles has led to an increased risk of human exposure, while a gap in knowledge about the possible adverse effects of TiO still exists. In this work, TiO particles of rutile, anatase, and their commercial mixture were exposed to various environments, including simulated gastric fluids and human blood plasma (both representing in vivo conditions), and media used in in vitro experiments. Simulated body fluids of different compositions, ionic strengths, and pH were used, and the impact of the absence or presence of chosen enzymes was investigated. The physicochemical properties and agglomeration of TiO in these media were determined. The time dependent agglomeration of TiO related to the type of TiO, and mainly to the type and composition of the environment that was observed. The presence of enzymes either prevented or promoted TiO agglomeration. TiO was also observed to exhibit concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. This knowledge about TiO behavior in all the abovementioned environments is critical when TiO safety is considered, especially with respect to the significant impact of the presence of proteins and size-related cytotoxicity.
随着含有 TiO 颗粒的材料应用的不断增加，人类暴露于 TiO 的风险也在增加，而关于 TiO 可能产生的不良影响，我们的了解仍存在空白。在这项工作中，我们将金红石型、锐钛矿型和它们的商业混合物 TiO 颗粒暴露于不同的环境中，包括模拟胃液和人血浆（两者均代表体内条件）以及体外实验中使用的介质。我们使用了具有不同组成、离子强度和 pH 值的模拟体液，并研究了选择的酶的存在或不存在的影响。我们测定了 TiO 在这些介质中的物理化学性质和团聚情况。我们观察到 TiO 的团聚与 TiO 的类型有关，主要与环境的类型和组成有关。酶的存在可以防止或促进 TiO 的团聚。我们还观察到 TiO 表现出浓度依赖性的细胞毒性。当考虑 TiO 的安全性时，了解 TiO 在上述所有环境中的行为至关重要，尤其是考虑到蛋白质的存在和与尺寸相关的细胞毒性的重大影响。
