Nierenberg Daniel, Khaled Annette R, Flores Orielyz
Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, United States.
Rep Pract Oncol Radiother. 2018 Jul-Aug;23(4):300-308. doi: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.05.005. Epub 2018 May 28.
The development and testing of nanomaterials is an area of interest due to promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the treatment of diseases like cancer or cardiovascular disease. While extensive studies of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) are available, the investigation of the protein corona (PC) that is formed on NPs in biofluids is a relatively new area of research. The fact that few NPs are in clinical use indicates that the biological identity of NPs, which is in large part due to the PC formed in blood or other bodily fluids, may be altered in ways yet to be fully understood. Herein, we review the recent advances in PC research with the intent to highlight the current state of the field. We discuss the dynamic processes that control the formation of the PC on NPs, which involve the transient soft corona and more stable hard corona. Critical factors, like the environment and disease-state that affect the composition and stability of the PC are presented, with the intent of showcasing promising applications for utilizing the PC for disease diagnosis and the identification of disease-related biomarkers. This review summarizes the unique challenges presented by the nanoparticle corona and indicates future directions for investigation.
由于纳米材料在癌症或心血管疾病等疾病治疗中具有前景广阔的诊断和治疗应用，其开发和测试成为一个备受关注的领域。虽然已有大量关于纳米颗粒（NPs）物理化学性质的研究，但对生物流体中NPs上形成的蛋白质冠层（PC）的研究是一个相对较新的领域。很少有NPs用于临床这一事实表明，NPs的生物学特性在很大程度上归因于在血液或其他体液中形成的PC，其可能以尚未完全了解的方式发生改变。在此，我们回顾PC研究的最新进展，旨在突出该领域的当前状态。我们讨论控制NPs上PC形成的动态过程，这涉及瞬时软冠层和更稳定的硬冠层。介绍了影响PC组成和稳定性的关键因素，如环境和疾病状态，目的是展示利用PC进行疾病诊断和识别疾病相关生物标志物的潜在应用。本综述总结了纳米颗粒冠层带来的独特挑战，并指出了未来的研究方向。
