Feng Jing-Qiu, Xia Qian, Zhang Feng-Ping, Wang Ji-Hua, Zhang Shi-Bao
Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
AoB Plants. 2021 Aug 20;13(5):plab053. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plab053. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Members of the genus are world-famous for their large, colourful flowers, unique floral morphology and long floral lifespan. Most species bloom in spring or autumn. The control of flowering time is of great significance to the commercial production of floral crops, because it affects the sales and prices of flowers. However, the mechanism that regulates when species bloom is unclear. In the present study, floral bud initiation and development of (spring-flowering species with one flower per stalk), (autumn-flowering species with multiple flowers per stalk) and (autumn-flowering species with one flower per stalk) were investigated by morphological and anatomical methods. We divided floral bud differentiation into six phases: the initiation of differentiation, inflorescence primordium differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation and column primordium differentiation. We found that the timing of floral bud differentiation for the three species was synchronized when experiencing the same environment, while the period from initiation to flowering largely differed. In addition, initiation of floral bud differentiation in was earlier at a warmer environment. The difference in flowering time of three species was mainly caused by the duration of floral bud development, rather than the initiation time. The findings were of great significance for the cultivation and flowering regulation of species.
该属的成员以其大而色彩鲜艳的花朵、独特的花形态和较长的花期而闻名于世。大多数该属物种在春季或秋季开花。花期的控制对花卉作物的商业生产具有重要意义，因为它会影响花卉的销售和价格。然而，调控该属物种开花时间的机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，通过形态学和解剖学方法对（每茎单花的春季开花物种）、（每茎多花的秋季开花物种）和（每茎单花的秋季开花物种）的花芽起始和发育进行了研究。我们将该属花芽分化分为六个阶段：分化起始、花序原基分化、花原基分化、萼片原基分化、花瓣原基分化和花柱原基分化。我们发现，在相同环境下，这三个物种的花芽分化时间是同步的，但从起始到开花的时间差异很大。此外，在温暖环境下，该属花芽分化起始更早。这三个物种开花时间的差异主要是由花芽发育持续时间造成的，而非起始时间。这些发现对该属物种的栽培和花期调控具有重要意义。
