Department of Psychology.
Department of Health Education & Behavior.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2023 Feb;31(1):72-83. doi: 10.1037/pha0000524. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
Recent studies have extended the acquired preparedness model to experimental data, finding that impulsivity predicts subjective alcohol response, a related yet distinct construct from expectancies. However, studies have not tested whether specific facets of impulsivity predict subjective response, or whether impulsivity indirectly predicts alcohol craving through subjective response. Young adults who reported past-month binge drinking ( = 448) participated in a placebo-controlled alcohol administration study. Mediation models tested whether UPPS-P impulsivity facets indirectly predicted alcohol craving through subjective response on the ascending and descending limbs of the blood alcohol content (BAC). High arousal positive (e.g., sociable), low arousal positive (e.g., relaxed), high arousal negative (e.g., rude), and low arousal negative (e.g., dizzy) subjective effects were measured across limbs. Moderation by beverage condition was not detected, so models were collapsed across beverage condition. Sensation seeking indirectly predicted craving through high arousal positive subjective response on both limbs, whereas positive and negative urgency directly predicted craving. When controlling for baseline subjective response and craving, effects of sensation seeking and negative urgency on subjective response and craving became nonsignificant. The effects of positive urgency on craving remained, and an effect of positive urgency on high arousal positive effects emerged on the ascending limb. Findings suggest that relations among impulsivity, subjective response, and craving are contingent upon the specific facet of impulsivity. Interventions targeting predrink cue exposure and/or positive emotionality may be most effective for sensation seekers, whereas targeting subjective response and/or expectancies may be most efficacious for individuals high in positive urgency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
最近的研究将习得准备模型扩展到了实验数据中，发现冲动性可以预测主观的酒精反应，这是与预期相关但又不同的构念。然而，研究尚未检验特定的冲动性方面是否可以预测主观反应，或者冲动性是否通过主观反应间接预测酒精渴求。报告过去一个月有 binge drinking 行为的年轻成年人（n=448）参与了一项安慰剂对照的酒精给药研究。中介模型检验了 UPPS-P 冲动性特质是否通过血液酒精含量（BAC）上升和下降支的主观反应间接预测酒精渴求。在各支臂上测量了高唤醒积极（如合群）、低唤醒积极（如放松）、高唤醒消极（如粗鲁）和低唤醒消极（如头晕）的主观效应。未检测到饮料条件的调节作用，因此模型在饮料条件之间进行了合并。感觉寻求通过上升和下降支的高唤醒积极主观反应间接预测渴求，而积极和消极冲动直接预测渴求。当控制基线主观反应和渴求时，感觉寻求和消极冲动对主观反应和渴求的影响变得不显著。积极冲动对渴求的影响仍然存在，并且积极冲动对上升支的高唤醒积极效应的影响也显现出来。研究结果表明，冲动性、主观反应和渴求之间的关系取决于冲动性的特定方面。针对预饮线索暴露和/或积极情绪的干预措施可能对感觉寻求者最有效，而针对主观反应和/或预期的干预措施可能对积极冲动性高的个体最有效。
