Arizona State University, 900 S McAllister, Tempe, AZ, 85281, United States.
Arizona State University, 900 S McAllister, Tempe, AZ, 85281, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Aug 1;225:108780. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108780. Epub 2021 May 21.
Alcohol and cannabis co-users experience more negative alcohol consequences, but distal and mediating mechanisms of this association remain largely unstudied. Considering research suggests that individuals high in impulsivity and sensation seeking are more likely to be co-users, it is possible that co-users have more positive expectancies and become heavier drinkers, which confer risk for future negative consequences. Therefore, the current study tested prospective mediation models in which impulsive personality traits indirectly predicted negative consequences through co-use, heavier drinking, and expectancies.
The current study used data from a study of familial AUD spanning 3 waves (1995-2010). Participants (N = 567) reported on impulsivity (via the Eysenck Personality Inventory and Sensation Seeking Scale) alcohol and cannabis use, alcohol expectancies, and negative consequences. Models tested the factor structure of impulsive personality traits and whether these traits predicted future negative consequences through past-year co-use and drinking/expectancies.
Factor analysis suggested two factors, sensation seeking and lack of premeditation. Sensation seeking was associated with future negative consequences indirectly through co-use and both drinking quantity and positive expectancies. Lack of premeditation was not associated with co-use, but indirectly predicted negative consequences through positive expectancies, above and beyond co-use. Sensation seeking directly predicted negative expectancies, but negative expectancies did not predict negative consequences.
Impulsive personality traits in co-users, particularly sensation seeking, explained variance in future negative alcohol consequences via heavier drinking (behavior) and positive expectancies (cognition). Personalized interventions targeting a lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking in co-users, may interrupt a developmental trajectory toward problem drinking.
酒精和大麻共同使用者会经历更多负面的酒精后果，但这种关联的远端和中介机制在很大程度上仍未得到研究。考虑到研究表明，冲动和寻求刺激倾向高的个体更有可能成为共同使用者，因此，共同使用者可能具有更多的积极期望，并成为更大量的饮酒者，这会增加未来负面后果的风险。因此，本研究测试了前瞻性中介模型，其中冲动人格特质通过共同使用、更多饮酒和期望间接预测负面后果。
本研究使用了一项家族性 AUD 研究的 3 波数据（1995-2010 年）。参与者（N=567）报告了冲动性（通过艾森克人格问卷和感觉寻求量表）、酒精和大麻使用、酒精期望和负面后果。模型测试了冲动人格特质的因子结构，以及这些特质是否通过过去一年的共同使用和饮酒/期望来预测未来的负面后果。
因子分析表明存在两种特质，即寻求刺激和缺乏预谋。寻求刺激与未来的负面后果间接相关，通过共同使用以及饮酒量和积极期望。缺乏预谋与共同使用无关，但通过积极期望间接预测负面后果，超过了共同使用。寻求刺激直接预测消极期望，但消极期望并不能预测消极后果。
共同使用者的冲动人格特质，特别是寻求刺激，通过更多的饮酒（行为）和积极的期望（认知）来解释未来负面的酒精后果的差异。针对共同使用者缺乏预谋和寻求刺激的个性化干预措施可能会中断向问题饮酒发展的轨迹。
