Book Frida, Backhaus Thomas
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 4):150893. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150893. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
Manufactured silica nanoparticles are used worldwide in large volumes for a variety of applications. An exposure of environmental organisms is therefore likely, and several data on the ecotoxicology of silica nanoparticles to different organisms have been published in recent years. This systematic review compiles and assesses these studies, in order to analyse the sensitivity distribution across different organisms. On this basis, maximum acceptable environmental concentrations are suggested and potential environmental risks are discussed. 1429 papers were retrieved from the scientific literature (Scopus), the U.S. ECOTOX knowledge database. 63 studies were finally included in the review and appraised according to the nanoCRED criteria. A total of 219 ecotoxicological endpoints recorded in 38 species (7 taxonomic groups) were condensed into a species sensitivity distribution. The resulting concentration that is hazardous for a maximum of 5% of exposed species (HC05) is 130 μg/L, from which a PNEC of 30 μg/L is estimated by applying an assessment factor of 5. These concentrations are 1-3 orders of magnitudes above the concentrations modelled to occur in European aquatic ecosystems. Algae and bacteria have a comparatively low sensitivity to MSNP exposure, likely because their cell wall forms a protective barrier against nanoparticle exposure. Similarly, embryonic stages of fish also show a comparatively low sensitivity due to the protection from their chorion. However, the fish species Labeo rohita and Oncorhynchus mykiss are among the most sensitive species. The ecotoxicity of silica nanoparticles is linked to the number of hydroxyl groups on their surface, corresponding to findings from human toxicological studies. It is recommended that future ecotoxicological studies use explicit concentration-response designs, use proven biocide-free testing material, comparatively apply mass and surface area as exposure metrics, and provide important metainformation in the study report.
人造二氧化硅纳米颗粒在全球范围内被大量用于各种应用。因此，环境生物很可能会接触到这些颗粒，近年来已经发表了一些关于二氧化硅纳米颗粒对不同生物的生态毒理学数据。本系统综述汇编并评估了这些研究，以分析不同生物的敏感性分布。在此基础上，提出了最大可接受环境浓度，并讨论了潜在的环境风险。从科学文献（Scopus）、美国ECOTOX知识数据库中检索到1429篇论文。最终有63项研究被纳入综述，并根据nanoCRED标准进行评估。在38个物种（7个分类组）中记录的总共219个生态毒理学终点被浓缩为物种敏感性分布。对最多5%的受暴露物种有害的浓度（HC05）为130μg/L，通过应用5的评估因子估计预测无效应浓度（PNEC）为30μg/L。这些浓度比欧洲水生生态系统中模拟出现的浓度高出1 - 3个数量级。藻类和细菌对MSNP暴露的敏感性相对较低，可能是因为它们的细胞壁形成了抵御纳米颗粒暴露的保护屏障。同样，鱼类的胚胎阶段由于有绒毛膜的保护，也表现出相对较低的敏感性。然而，印度野鲮和虹鳟是最敏感物种之一。二氧化硅纳米颗粒的生态毒性与它们表面的羟基数量有关，这与人体毒理学研究的结果一致。建议未来的生态毒理学研究采用明确的浓度 - 反应设计，使用经过验证的无杀菌剂测试材料，比较应用质量和表面积作为暴露指标，并在研究报告中提供重要的元信息。
