Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Malar J. 2021 Oct 16;20(1):404. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03943-4.
Progress in the fight against malaria has stalled in recent years, highlighting the importance of new interventions and tailored approaches. A critical factor that must be considered across contexts and interventions is human behaviour.
Factors such as acceptance of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), ability and willingness to consistently use and appropriately care for ITNs and refraining from post-spray wall modifications can all impact the success of core vector control interventions. Understanding factors that can drive or inhibit these behaviours can contribute to improved social and behaviour change strategies and in turn, improved outcomes. Likewise, patterns of nighttime activities can reveal specific gaps in protection that cannot be filled by core interventions and inform development and deployment of complementary tools that meet people's needs and preferences. There is an opportunity to increase use of approaches such as human-centred design to engage affected communities more actively in identifying and developing sustainable solutions that meet their needs and lifestyles. Integration of social and behavioural research with entomological and epidemiological evaluations will provide a more complete picture of malaria transmission dynamics and inform improved targeting of context-appropriate interventions. Finally, for gains to be maintained, interventions must be rooted within systems that support long-term success. This includes a movement toward more sustainable vector control solutions, increased decision-making and ownership of research, implementation, and strategy development at the country level, and inclusive approaches that ensure all men, women, boys, and girls are engaged as part of the solution.
No matter how efficacious, a tool will remain ineffective if communities do not engage with it or use it regularly. Entering the next decade in the fight against malaria there is a critical opportunity to elevate the role of social and behaviour change to increase the impact and sustainability of malaria control and elimination efforts. This includes removing social and structural barriers to use of existing tools at all levels, human-centred and inclusive design and implementation of new tools, and movement toward long-term solutions led by affected communities.
近年来，抗击疟疾的进展已陷入停滞，这凸显了采取新干预措施和制定针对性方法的重要性。在不同背景和干预措施下，一个必须考虑的关键因素是人类行为。
正 文：人们对驱虫蚊帐（ITN）和室内滞留喷洒（IRS）的接受程度、持续使用和妥善维护 ITN 以及避免在喷洒后对墙壁进行修改的能力和意愿等因素，都可能影响核心病媒控制干预措施的成败。了解能够推动或阻碍这些行为的因素，有助于改进社会和行为改变策略，并相应提高结果。同样，夜间活动模式可以揭示核心干预措施无法填补的特定保护空白，并为开发和部署满足人们需求和偏好的补充工具提供信息。我们有机会增加采用以人为本的设计方法，使受影响社区更积极地参与确定和开发满足其需求和生活方式的可持续解决方案。将社会和行为研究与昆虫学和流行病学评估相结合，将更全面地了解疟疾传播动态，并为更有针对性地实施适合具体情况的干预措施提供信息。最后，为了保持成果，干预措施必须植根于支持长期成功的系统中。这包括转向更可持续的病媒控制解决方案，增加国家一级对研究、实施和战略制定的决策和自主权，并采取包容各方的方法，确保所有男女老少都作为解决方案的一部分参与其中。
无论工具多么有效，如果社区不参与或不经常使用，它仍然会无效。在抗击疟疾的下一个十年中，有一个关键的机会可以提高社会和行为改变的作用，以提高疟疾控制和消除工作的影响力和可持续性。这包括消除各级使用现有工具的社会和结构性障碍，以人性化和包容的方式设计和实施新工具，并朝着由受影响社区主导的长期解决方案发展。
