评估青少年在校儿童在四个季节的饮食中宏量营养素的摄入量：来自巴基斯坦一个城市的纵向研究。

Assessment of macronutrients consumption in the diet of adolescent school children in four seasons: a longitudinal study from an urban city in Pakistan.

机构信息

Aga Khan Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.

Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan.

出版信息

J Health Popul Nutr. 2021 Oct 16;40(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s41043-021-00268-5.

DOI:10.1186/s41043-021-00268-5

PMID:34656183

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8520200/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

A healthy diet in the adolescence period is essential for physical, mental, and immunological development. We aimed to assess macronutrient consumption in the diet of adolescent school children using 24 h recalls in four seasons of the year.

METHOD

This was a longitudinal study conducted from February 2014 to June 2015. The study population included 155 school children aged 7-14 years from an urban school in Karachi. 24HR recall was conducted on 4 random days of the 4 main seasons. A food composition table was developed where the weight, calories, carbohydrate, fat, and protein content of the food items were listed. Macronutrients quantification was calculated by using proportional weight from the food composition table. Food groups were also assigned to each food item including vegetables, fruits, grains, protein foods, dairy products, and oils.

RESULTS

A total of 155 adolescent children aged between 7 and 14 years were approached. Out of the 155 preadolescents and adolescents, 150 (96.7%) agreed to participate. The mean (SD) age of the children was 11.31 (1.6) years, and 59% of all the children were males. Overall mean (SD) daily intake for all seasons was 195.31 (86.87) grams of carbohydrates, 94.77 (71.87) grams of proteins, and 55.87 (30.79) grams of fats. Carbohydrates formed 48.16%, protein 21.92%, and fat 29.93% of the total caloric intake. The mean (SD) daily caloric intake was 1517 (644) grams. Overall, the highest source of calories was from carbohydrate 781 (347) Kilocalories (Kcal), followed by fat 502 (277) Kcal and protein 379 (287). The Carbohydrate intake in 24 h was highest in the autumn; 212.81 (85.37), and there was a significant difference in carbohydrate intake in all seasons (p value 0.003). Consumption of discretionary food group was high (31.3%), and consumption of fruits and vegetables was low (29%).

CONCLUSION

The study reports a suboptimal caloric intake of fewer than 2000 cal/day among the adolescents from school. The highest source of calories was from carbohydrates.The highest consumption of food was in autumn and the least in summer. Fruits and vegetable intake was low, and discretionary food intake was high.

摘要

背景

青春期健康饮食对身体、心理和免疫发育至关重要。我们旨在使用全年四个季节的 24 小时回忆法评估青少年学生饮食中的宏量营养素摄入量。

方法

这是一项纵向研究，于 2014 年 2 月至 2015 年 6 月进行。研究人群包括卡拉奇市一所城市学校的 155 名 7-14 岁的在校儿童。在四个主要季节的 4 个随机日进行了 24 小时回忆。开发了一个食物成分表，其中列出了食物的重量、卡路里、碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质含量。通过使用食物成分表中的比例重量来计算宏量营养素的量化。还为每种食物分配了食物组，包括蔬菜、水果、谷物、蛋白质食品、乳制品和油。

结果

共接触了 155 名 7-14 岁的青春期前和青春期儿童。在 155 名青少年中，有 150 名（96.7%）同意参加。儿童的平均（SD）年龄为 11.31（1.6）岁，所有儿童中有 59%为男性。所有季节的总体平均（SD）日摄入量为 195.31（86.87）克碳水化合物、94.77（71.87）克蛋白质和 55.87（30.79）克脂肪。碳水化合物占总热量摄入的 48.16%，蛋白质占 21.92%，脂肪占 29.93%。平均（SD）每日热量摄入量为 1517（644）克。总的来说，卡路里的最高来源是碳水化合物 781（347）千卡，其次是脂肪 502（277）千卡和蛋白质 379（287）千卡。24 小时的碳水化合物摄入量在秋季最高，为 212.81（85.37），所有季节的碳水化合物摄入量均存在显著差异（p 值<0.003）。随意性食物组的摄入量较高（31.3%），水果和蔬菜的摄入量较低（29%）。