State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2022 Nov;86(Pt 2):943-954. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.10.004. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
The gut microbiome includes a series of microorganism genomes, such as bacteriome, virome, mycobiome, etc. The gut microbiota is critically involved in intestine immunity and diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Clarifying the relationship between microbiota and inflammation may profoundly improve our understanding of etiology, disease progression, patient management, and the development of prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the latest studies of the influence of enteric viruses (i.e., commensal viruses, pathogenic viruses, and bacteriophages) in the initiation, progression, and complication of colitis and colorectal cancer, and their potential for novel preventative approaches and therapeutic application. We explore the interplay between gut viruses and host immune systems for its effects on the severity of inflammatory diseases and cancer, including both direct and indirect interactions between enteric viruses with other microbes and microbial products. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of the virome's roles in gut inflammatory response have been explained to infer potential therapeutic targets with examples in specific clinical trials. Given that very limited literature has thus far discussed these various topics with the gut virome, we believe these extensive analyses may provide insight into the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of IBD and CRC, which could help add the design of improved therapies for these important human diseases.
肠道微生物组包括一系列微生物基因组，如细菌组、病毒组、真菌组等。肠道微生物群在肠道免疫和疾病中起着至关重要的作用，包括炎症性肠病（IBD）和结直肠癌（CRC）；然而，其潜在机制仍不完全清楚。阐明微生物群与炎症之间的关系可能会深刻地提高我们对病因、疾病进展、患者管理以及预防和治疗方法的发展的理解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肠道病毒（即共生病毒、致病病毒和噬菌体）在结肠炎和结直肠癌的发生、进展和并发症中的最新研究，以及它们在新型预防方法和治疗应用中的潜力。我们探讨了肠道病毒与宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用，及其对炎症性疾病和癌症严重程度的影响，包括肠道病毒与其他微生物和微生物产物之间的直接和间接相互作用。此外，还解释了病毒组在肠道炎症反应中的作用的潜在机制，并通过特定临床试验中的实例推断出潜在的治疗靶点。鉴于迄今为止，很少有文献讨论过这些与肠道病毒相关的各种主题，我们相信这些广泛的分析可以帮助我们深入了解 IBD 和 CRC 的分子发病机制，并有助于为这些重要的人类疾病设计更好的治疗方法。
