Health and Empowerment Foundation, Cameroon.
Mbonge District Hospital, Cameroon.
J Immunol Res. 2022 Sep 27;2022:7883945. doi: 10.1155/2022/7883945. eCollection 2022.
In recent years, there has been ample evidence illustrating the effect of microbiota on gut immunity, homeostasis, and disease. Most of these studies have engaged more efforts in understanding the role of the bacteriome in gut mucosal immunity and disease. However, studies on the virome and its influence on gut mucosal immunity and pathology are still at infancy owing to limited metagenomic tools. Nonetheless, the existing studies on the virome have largely been focused on the bacteriophages as these represent the main component of the virome with little information on endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and eukaryotic viruses. In this review, we describe the gut virome, and its role in gut mucosal response and disease progression. We also explore the crosstalk between the virome and other microorganisms in the gut mucosa and elaborate on how these interactions shape the gut mucosal immunity going from bacteriophages through ERVs to eukaryotic viruses. Finally, we elucidate the potential contribution of this crosstalk in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer.
近年来，有大量证据表明微生物组对肠道免疫、稳态和疾病有影响。这些研究大多致力于了解细菌组在肠道黏膜免疫和疾病中的作用。然而，由于有限的宏基因组工具，病毒组及其对肠道黏膜免疫和病理学影响的研究仍处于起步阶段。尽管如此，现有的病毒组研究主要集中在噬菌体上，因为噬菌体是病毒组的主要组成部分，而关于内源性逆转录病毒（ERVs）和真核病毒的信息却很少。在这篇综述中，我们描述了肠道病毒组及其在肠道黏膜反应和疾病进展中的作用。我们还探讨了病毒组与肠道黏膜中其他微生物之间的相互作用，并详细阐述了这些相互作用如何通过噬菌体、ERVs 到真核病毒来塑造肠道黏膜免疫。最后，我们阐明了这种相互作用在炎症性肠病和结肠癌发病机制中的潜在贡献。
