Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
J Healthc Eng. 2021 Oct 7;2021:1904752. doi: 10.1155/2021/1904752. eCollection 2021.
This study evaluated the effect of a health belief model (HBM) educational intervention on the self-perception of and complications related to disease in elderly gynaecological malignancy patients.
This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China. A total of 301 women aged 60 years and older who were diagnosed with gynaecological malignancies from January 2019 to August 2020 were recruited. Participants were randomly divided into the HBM education and basic nursing groups. The participants in the HBM education group received perioperative rehabilitation education based on the HBM, and the participants in the basic nursing group received routine basic nursing. Rehabilitation training compliance, psychological resilience, psychological flexibility, self-efficacy, self-care ability, and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) incidence were assessed before and after the intervention.
Thirty-three women were excluded based on the exclusion criteria, and 268 participants were eventually included and randomly divided into two groups: 134 participants in the HBM education group and 134 participants in the basic nursing group. Before HBM education, there were no significant differences in the mean scores of psychological resilience (50.43 ± 3.29 vs. 50.55 ± 2.29, = 0.738), psychological flexibility (48.98 ± 3.45 vs. 49.29 ± 3.59, = 0.465), self-efficacy (26.49 ± 5.26 vs. 26.29 ± 6.41, = 0.781), or rehabilitation training compliance (28.4% vs. 27.8%, = 0.922) between the two groups. After HBM education, the scores of training compliance (80.6% vs. 30.1%, < 0.001), psychological resilience (55.47 ± 5.01 vs. 50.46 ± 2.62, < 0.001), psychological flexibility (56.53 ± 4.51 vs. 49.13 ± 3.62, < 0.001), self-efficacy (30.79 ± 4.56 vs. 26.41 ± 6.37, < 0.001), self-care knowledge (43.36 ± 7.60 vs. 34.05 ± 6.99, < 0.001), self-concept (29.57 ± 5.67 vs. 20.11 ± 3.86, < 0.001), self-care responsibility (27.54 ± 5.09 vs. 20.86 ± 4.53, < 0.001), and self-care skills (34.51 ± 5.62 vs. 21.62 ± 5.64, < 0.001) were higher in the HBM education group than those in the basic nursing group. Additionally, the incidence of LEDVT was lower in the HBM group than that in the basic nursing group (2.2% vs. 8.3%, = 0.027).
This study indicated that perioperative HBM education can improve the cognition and self-care ability of elderly gynaecological malignancy patients and reduce postoperative complications.
本研究评估健康信念模型（HBM）教育干预对老年妇科恶性肿瘤患者疾病自我认知和并发症的影响。
这是一项在中国福建省妇幼保健院进行的随机对照试验。共招募了 301 名年龄在 60 岁及以上、被诊断为妇科恶性肿瘤的女性。参与者被随机分为 HBM 教育组和基础护理组。HBM 教育组的参与者接受围手术期康复教育，基础护理组的参与者接受常规基础护理。评估干预前后康复训练依从性、心理弹性、心理灵活性、自我效能、自我护理能力和下肢深静脉血栓形成（LEDVT）发生率。
根据排除标准，有 33 名女性被排除在外，最终有 268 名参与者被纳入并随机分为两组：HBM 教育组 134 名，基础护理组 134 名。在接受 HBM 教育之前，两组的心理弹性评分（50.43±3.29 与 50.55±2.29， = 0.738）、心理灵活性评分（48.98±3.45 与 49.29±3.59， = 0.465）、自我效能评分（26.49±5.26 与 26.29±6.41， = 0.781）或康复训练依从性（28.4%与 27.8%， = 0.922）均无显著差异。在接受 HBM 教育后，HBM 教育组的训练依从性评分（80.6%与 30.1%， < 0.001）、心理弹性评分（55.47±5.01 与 50.46±2.62， < 0.001）、心理灵活性评分（56.53±4.51 与 49.13±3.62， < 0.001）、自我效能评分（30.79±4.56 与 26.41±6.37， < 0.001）、自我护理知识评分（43.36±7.60 与 34.05±6.99， < 0.001）、自我概念评分（29.57±5.67 与 20.11±3.86， < 0.001）、自我护理责任评分（27.54±5.09 与 20.86±4.53， < 0.001）和自我护理技能评分（34.51±5.62 与 21.62±5.64， < 0.001）均高于基础护理组。此外，HBM 组的 LEDVT 发生率低于基础护理组（2.2%与 8.3%， = 0.027）。
本研究表明，围手术期 HBM 教育可以提高老年妇科恶性肿瘤患者的认知和自我护理能力，降低术后并发症的发生。
