乳腺癌高危女性的自我护理行为：一项采用健康信念模式教育的随机临床试验。
Self-care behaviors in high-risk women for breast cancer: A randomized clinical trial using health belief model education.
作者信息
Damghanian Maryam, Mahmoodzadeh Habibollah, Khakbazan Zohreh, Khorsand Behjat, Motaharinezhad Mohadese
机构信息
Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
J Educ Health Promot. 2020 Oct 30;9:265. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_76_20. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Iranian women. The number of people with this disease is increasing across the world. Positive family history is one of the risk factors for developing breast cancer. However, early detection is the main method to fight this disease. This study was conducted to examine the effect of education based on the health belief model (HBM) on self-care behaviors among first-degree relatives of patients with breast cancer.
METHODS
This clinical trial was conducted in 2016 on 80 women in Tehran city, Iran. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire regarding demographic data, the HBM, and self-care behaviors. The educational program based on the HBM was held in 4 ninety-minute training sessions through lectures, group discussions, question and answer, image presentations, and PowerPoint presentations. The questionnaires were completed before and 2 months following the intervention by intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through the SPSS16 software.
RESULTS
The mean score of the HBM constructs before the intervention in the groups had no statistically significant differences ( > 0.05). Eight weeks after the intervention, the mean score of the constructs of the HBM in the intervention group significantly increased and a statistically significant increase in the mean score of self-care in the intervention group compared to the preintervention was found, so that the self-care behavior score in the intervention group was 0.69 ± 0.09 before the intervention and was changed to 0.74 ± 0.09 after the intervention ( < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that education based on the HBM was effective in promoting self-care behaviors among first-degree relatives of breast cancer patients. Therefore, education based on HBM may have an important implication for breast cancer prevention in Iran.
背景
乳腺癌是伊朗女性中最常见的癌症。全球患这种疾病的人数正在增加。家族史阳性是患乳腺癌的风险因素之一。然而，早期检测是对抗这种疾病的主要方法。本研究旨在探讨基于健康信念模型（HBM）的教育对乳腺癌患者一级亲属自我护理行为的影响。
方法
2016年在伊朗德黑兰市对80名女性进行了这项临床试验。使用一份包含人口统计学数据、健康信念模型和自我护理行为的三部分问卷收集数据。基于健康信念模型的教育项目通过讲座、小组讨论、问答、图像展示和PowerPoint展示，分4次进行，每次90分钟的培训课程。干预组和对照组在干预前及干预后2个月完成问卷。通过SPSS16软件使用描述性和推断性统计分析数据。
结果
干预前两组健康信念模型各维度的平均得分无统计学显著差异（>0.05）。干预8周后，干预组健康信念模型各维度的平均得分显著提高，且干预组自我护理平均得分较干预前有统计学显著提高，干预组干预前自我护理行为得分为0.69±0.09，干预后变为0.74±0.09（<0.0001）。
结论
我们的结果表明，基于健康信念模型的教育在促进乳腺癌患者一级亲属的自我护理行为方面是有效的。因此，基于健康信念模型的教育可能对伊朗的乳腺癌预防具有重要意义。
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