Shi Ruifeng, Hou Wenya, Wang Zhao-Qi, Xu Xingzhi
Shenzhen University-Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Joint Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Sep 30;9:735678. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.735678. eCollection 2021.
Iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters (ISCs) are redox-active protein cofactors that their synthesis, transfer, and insertion into target proteins require many components. Mitochondrial ISC assembly is the foundation of all cellular ISCs in eukaryotic cells. The mitochondrial ISC cooperates with the cytosolic Fe/S protein assembly (CIA) systems to accomplish the cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S clusters maturation. ISCs are needed for diverse cellular functions, including nitrogen fixation, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial respiratory pathways, and ribosome assembly. Recent research advances have confirmed the existence of different ISCs in enzymes that regulate DNA metabolism, including helicases, nucleases, primases, DNA polymerases, and glycosylases. Here we outline the synthesis of mitochondrial, cytosolic and nuclear ISCs and highlight their functions in DNA metabolism.
铁硫（Fe/S）簇（ISC）是具有氧化还原活性的蛋白质辅因子，其合成、转移并插入靶蛋白需要多种组分。线粒体ISC组装是真核细胞中所有细胞ISC的基础。线粒体ISC与胞质Fe/S蛋白组装（CIA）系统协作，以完成胞质和核Fe/S簇的成熟。ISC对于多种细胞功能是必需的，包括固氮、氧化磷酸化、线粒体呼吸途径和核糖体组装。最近的研究进展已证实，在调节DNA代谢的酶中存在不同的ISC，这些酶包括解旋酶、核酸酶、引发酶、DNA聚合酶和糖基化酶。在此，我们概述线粒体、胞质和核ISC的合成，并强调它们在DNA代谢中的功能。
