Fahmy Sherif Ashraf, Ramzy Asmaa, Saleh Basma M, El-Said Azzazy Hassan Mohamed
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, R5 New Garden City, New Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt.
ACS Omega. 2021 Sep 30;6(40):25876-25883. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04297. eCollection 2021 Oct 12.
Cancer chemotherapeutics face several challenges, including uncontrollable drug release, off-target toxic effects, and poor bioavailability. Recently, supramolecular nanovesicles, such as calix[]arenes (CXs), cyclodextrins (CDs), cucurbiturils (CBs), and pillar[]arenes (PRs), have attracted attention as potential smart nanocarriers for chemotherapeutics because of their exceptional cavities that can achieve high encapsulation capacity and accommodate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. In addition, they can be functionalized with different stimuli-responsive groups, which facilitate controlled drug release. Supramolecular nanovesicles, loaded with drugs and decorated with stimuli-responsive targeting moieties, are designed by either host-guest complexation or self-assembly of amphiphilic cavitands. Pillar[]arenes, in particular, are novel supramolecular host molecules that have recently been employed in cancer targeted drug delivery because of their symmetric pillar-shaped structure, simplicity of functionalization, and biocompatibility. This review summarizes state-of-the-art strategies for developing single or multiple stimuli-responsive pillar[]arene nanovesicles for effective cancer treatment.
癌症化疗药物面临着诸多挑战，包括药物释放无法控制、脱靶毒性效应以及生物利用度低等问题。近来，超分子纳米囊泡，如杯芳烃（CXs）、环糊精（CDs）、葫芦脲（CBs）和柱芳烃（PRs），因其特殊的空腔结构能够实现高封装容量并容纳亲水性和疏水性药物，作为化疗药物潜在的智能纳米载体而备受关注。此外，它们可以用不同的刺激响应基团进行功能化修饰，从而促进药物的可控释放。负载药物并装饰有刺激响应靶向部分的超分子纳米囊泡，是通过主客体络合或两亲性穴状配体的自组装来设计的。特别是柱芳烃，是新型的超分子主体分子，由于其对称的柱状结构、功能化简单以及生物相容性，最近已被用于癌症靶向给药。本综述总结了开发用于有效癌症治疗的单刺激或多刺激响应柱芳烃纳米囊泡的最新策略。
