School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science, Wenzhou 325027, China.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Oct 26;118(43). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2104689118.
Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. However, a safe and accessible approach for myopia control and prevention is currently unavailable. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of dietary supplements of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on myopia progression in animal models and on decreases in choroidal blood perfusion (ChBP) caused by near work, a risk factor for myopia in young adults. We demonstrated that daily gavage of ω-3 PUFAs (300 mg docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] plus 60 mg eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) significantly attenuated the development of form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs and mice, as well as of lens-induced myopia in guinea pigs. Peribulbar injections of DHA also inhibited myopia progression in form-deprived guinea pigs. The suppression of myopia in guinea pigs was accompanied by inhibition of the "ChBP reduction-scleral hypoxia cascade." Additionally, treatment with DHA or EPA antagonized hypoxia-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in cultured human scleral fibroblasts. In human subjects, oral administration of ω-3 PUFAs partially alleviated the near-work-induced decreases in ChBP. Therefore, evidence from these animal and human studies suggests ω-3 PUFAs are potential and readily available candidates for myopia control.
近视是全球范围内导致视力损害和失明的主要原因。然而，目前还没有安全且易于获得的方法来控制和预防近视。在这里，我们研究了ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-3 PUFAs）膳食补充剂对动物模型中近视进展的治疗效果，以及对近距离工作引起的脉络膜血液灌注（ChBP）减少的影响，近距离工作是年轻人近视的一个风险因素。我们证明，每天灌胃ω-3 PUFAs（300mg 二十二碳六烯酸[DHA]加 60mg 二十碳五烯酸[EPA]）可显著减轻豚鼠和小鼠形觉剥夺性近视以及豚鼠晶状体诱导性近视的发展。球周注射 DHA 也抑制了形觉剥夺性豚鼠的近视进展。豚鼠近视的抑制伴随着“ChBP 减少-巩膜缺氧级联”的抑制。此外，DHA 或 EPA 的治疗可拮抗缺氧诱导的培养人巩膜成纤维细胞中的肌成纤维细胞转分化。在人类受试者中，口服ω-3 PUFAs 部分缓解了近距离工作引起的 ChBP 减少。因此，这些动物和人类研究的证据表明，ω-3 PUFAs 是控制近视的潜在且易于获得的候选药物。
