Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China.
Mar Drugs. 2021 Oct 15;19(10):576. doi: 10.3390/md19100576.
During the processes of primary and secondary endosymbiosis, different microalgae evolved to synthesis different storage polysaccharides. In stramenopiles, the main storage polysaccharides are β-1,3-glucan, or laminarin, in vacuoles. Currently, laminarin is gaining considerable attention due to its application in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals industries, and also its importance in global biogeochemical cycles (especially in the ocean carbon cycle). In this review, the structures, composition, contents, and bioactivity of laminarin were summarized in different algae. It was shown that the general features of laminarin are species-dependence. Furthermore, the proposed biosynthesis and catabolism pathways of laminarin, functions of key genes, and diel regulation of laminarin were also depicted and comprehensively discussed for the first time. However, the complete pathways, functions of genes, and diel regulatory mechanisms of laminarin require more biomolecular studies. This review provides more useful information and identifies the knowledge gap regarding the future studies of laminarin and its applications.
在初级和次级内共生过程中，不同的微藻进化为合成不同的贮藏多糖。在不等鞭毛类中，主要的贮藏多糖是β-1,3-葡聚糖或昆布多糖，存在于液泡中。目前，由于其在食品、化妆品和制药行业的应用，以及在全球生物地球化学循环（特别是海洋碳循环）中的重要性，昆布多糖受到了相当大的关注。在这篇综述中，总结了不同藻类中昆布多糖的结构、组成、含量和生物活性。结果表明，昆布多糖的一般特征是具有物种依赖性。此外，还首次描述和综合讨论了昆布多糖的生物合成和分解代谢途径、关键基因的功能以及昆布多糖的昼夜节律调节。然而，昆布多糖的完整途径、基因功能和昼夜调节机制还需要更多的生物分子研究。本综述提供了更多有用的信息，并确定了昆布多糖及其应用未来研究的知识空白。
