Jørgensen Elin, Bjarnsholt Thomas, Jacobsen Stine
Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Sep 27;11(10):2825. doi: 10.3390/ani11102825.
In chronic wounds in humans, biofilm formation and wound chronicity are linked, as biofilms contribute to chronic inflammation and delayed healing. Biofilms are aggregates of bacteria, and living as biofilms is the default mode of bacterial life; within these aggregates, the bacteria are protected from both antimicrobial substances and the immune response of the host. In horses, delayed healing is more commonly seen in limb wounds than body wounds. Chronic inflammation and hypoxia are the main characteristics of delayed wound healing in equine limbs, and biofilms might also contribute to this healing pattern in horses. However, biofilm formation in equine wounds has been studied to a very limited degree. Biofilms have been detected in equine traumatic wounds, and recent experimental models have shown that biofilms protract the healing of equine limb wounds. Detection of biofilms within wounds necessitates advanced techniques that are not available in routine diagnostic yet. However, infections with biofilm should be suspected in equine limb wounds not healing as expected, as they are in human wounds. Treatment should be based on repeated debridement and application of topical antimicrobial therapy.
在人类慢性伤口中，生物膜形成与伤口慢性化相关，因为生物膜会导致慢性炎症和愈合延迟。生物膜是细菌聚集体，以生物膜形式生存是细菌的默认生存模式；在这些聚集体中，细菌受到抗菌物质和宿主免疫反应的双重保护。在马匹中，肢体伤口比身体伤口更常出现愈合延迟。慢性炎症和缺氧是马肢体伤口愈合延迟的主要特征，生物膜也可能导致马匹出现这种愈合模式。然而，对马伤口中生物膜形成的研究程度非常有限。已在马创伤性伤口中检测到生物膜，最近的实验模型表明生物膜会延长马肢体伤口的愈合时间。伤口内生物膜的检测需要先进技术，而这些技术在常规诊断中尚不可用。然而，正如人类伤口一样，对于未按预期愈合的马肢体伤口，应怀疑存在生物膜感染。治疗应基于反复清创和局部抗菌治疗的应用。
