Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
The Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 16;22(20):11172. doi: 10.3390/ijms222011172.
The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has once again caused bacterial infections to become a global health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), offer a viable solution to these pathogens due to their diverse mechanisms of actions, which include direct killing as well as immunomodulatory properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory activity). HDPs may hence provide a more robust treatment of bacterial infections. In this review, the advent of and the mechanisms that lead to antibiotic resistance will be described. HDP mechanisms of antibacterial and immunomodulatory action will be presented, with specific examples of how the HDP aurein 2.2 and a few of its derivatives, namely peptide 73 and cG4L73, function. Finally, resistance that may arise from a broader use of HDPs in a clinical setting and methods to improve biocompatibility will be briefly discussed.
耐药菌（MDR）的迅速崛起再次使细菌感染成为全球关注的健康问题。抗菌肽（AMPs），也称为宿主防御肽（HDPs），由于其多样化的作用机制，包括直接杀伤和免疫调节特性（例如抗炎活性），为这些病原体提供了可行的解决方案。因此，HDP 可能为细菌感染提供更有效的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，将描述抗生素耐药性的出现和导致耐药性的机制。将介绍 HDP 抗菌和免疫调节作用的机制，并举例说明 HDP 天蚕素 2.2 及其几种衍生物（肽 73 和 cG4L73）的作用方式。最后，将简要讨论在临床环境中更广泛使用 HDP 可能产生的耐药性以及提高生物相容性的方法。
