Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Oct 14;57(10):1105. doi: 10.3390/medicina57101105.
: Sudden cardiac death (SCD), particular among elite footballers, has attracted much attention in recent times. However, limited information exists on football-related SCD in Turkey. Autopsy-based studies of sports-related sudden deaths in Turkey are rare and often have small sample sizes. To address this, this study aimed to determine the population-based incidence and profile of football-related SCD nationally in Turkey. : Due to a lack of national data on this issue, football-related SCD (non-elite competitive or recreational football) between 1 January 2011, and 31 December 2019 were identified by dual, independent identification and screening of online media reports. Deaths were explored by sex, age group, season, and phase of exercise. Descriptive statistics were utilised. Age-specific mortality rates and proportional mortality rates were calculated. In total, 118 football-related SCD were identified, a crude mortality rate of 0.41 per 100,000 population. All fatalities were males and the mean age was 35.5 years ± 10.4. Those aged 40-49 years recorded the highest mortality rate (0.67/100,000), three times the risk of those aged 50-59 years (RR = 3.1; 95%CI:1.5-6.4). Those aged 30-39 recorded the highest age-specific proportional mortality rate (0.86/1000 deaths). The highest risk occurred while playing football ( = 97; 82.2%), with another 15% of deaths ( = 18) occurring within 1 h of play. Almost all fatalities ( = 113; 95.8%) occurred during participation in recreational football. This study has identified football-related SCD most commonly occurs during recreational football among males aged 30-49 years. It is recommended males of this age participating in recreational football be encouraged to seek pre-participation heart health checks. Given the value of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, future research should explore the feasibility and effectiveness of AEDs in preventing football-related SCD in Turkey including training of first responders in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED use.
: 心脏性猝死（SCD），尤其是在精英足球运动员中，近来引起了广泛关注。然而，关于土耳其足球相关 SCD 的信息有限。基于尸检的土耳其运动相关猝死研究很少，且通常样本量较小。为了解决这个问题，本研究旨在确定土耳其全国范围内足球相关 SCD 的人群发病率和特征。: 由于缺乏这方面的国家数据，我们通过对在线媒体报道的双重独立识别和筛选，确定了 2011 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日期间的足球相关 SCD（非精英竞技或娱乐性足球）。我们探讨了性别、年龄组、季节和运动阶段与死亡之间的关系。采用描述性统计方法。计算了年龄特异性死亡率和比例死亡率。 共确定了 118 例足球相关 SCD，粗死亡率为 0.41/100,000 人口。所有死亡者均为男性，平均年龄为 35.5 岁±10.4 岁。40-49 岁年龄组的死亡率最高（0.67/100,000），是 50-59 岁年龄组的三倍（RR=3.1；95%CI：1.5-6.4）。30-39 岁年龄组的年龄特异性比例死亡率最高（0.86/1000 例死亡）。风险最高的是在踢足球时（=97；82.2%），另外 15%（=18）的死亡发生在比赛后 1 小时内。几乎所有的死亡（=113；95.8%）都发生在参与娱乐性足球时。 本研究发现，30-49 岁男性在参与娱乐性足球时最常发生足球相关 SCD。建议鼓励该年龄段的男性在参与娱乐性足球前进行心脏健康检查。鉴于自动体外除颤器（AED）在应对院外心脏骤停方面的价值，未来的研究应探讨在土耳其使用 AED 预防足球相关 SCD 的可行性和有效性，包括对心肺复苏和 AED 使用进行急救培训。
