Insights into the Resistome and Phylogenomics of a ST195 Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolate from the Czech Republic.

Increasing antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens, such as , is becoming a serious threat to public health. It is necessary to detect -lactamase-producing microorganisms in clinical settings to be able to control the spread of carbapenem resistance. This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of -lactamases in a selected clinical isolate of of ST2/ST195 and to characterize possible enzymes, as well as its -lactam resistome, using PCR and whole-genome sequencing analysis. PCR and sequencing confirmed that the isolate harbored five gene alleles, namely, , , , and , as well as aminoglycosides, macrolides, sulfonamides and tetracyclines resistance determinants, which were either chromosomally and/or plasmid located. Furthermore, a gene order comparison using MAUVE alignment showed multiple changes compared with the clinical isolate of Malaysian AC30 genome and 76 regions with high homology. This study suggests that resistance to -lactams in this isolate is mainly due to an overproduction of -lactamases in combination with other resistance mechanism (efflux pump system).