一波又一波：荷兰一项关于 COVID-19 对养老院幸福感和家庭探视的长期影响的全国性研究。
From wave to wave: a Dutch national study on the long-term impact of COVID-19 on well-being and family visitation in nursing homes.
机构信息
Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2021 Oct 22;21(1):588. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02530-1.
BACKGROUND
To protect nursing home residents, many governments around the world implemented blanket visitor bans in March and April 2020. As a consequence, family caregivers, friends, and volunteers were not allowed to enter nursing homes, while residents were not allowed to go out. Up until now, little is known on the long-term consequences and effects of visiting bans and re-opening of nursing homes. The aim of the study was to assess the long-term effects of the pandemic on residents, family members, and staff, and their preparedness for the next coronavirus wave.
METHODS
A mixed-methods approach was used, consisting of a questionnaire and analyses of documentation (local visiting protocols). Of the 76 nursing home locations that participated in a Dutch national pilot on welcoming visitors back into nursing homes, 64 participated in this follow-up study. Data were collected in September/October 2020. For each nursing home, one contact person completed the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative questionnaire data. Data on open-ended questions, as well as data from the documentation, were analyzed thematically.
RESULTS
The study demonstrated that the consequences of strict visiting bans do not disappear at the moment the visiting ban is lifted. Although in October 2020, daily life in nursing homes was more "back to normal," more than one-third of the respondents indicated that they still applied restrictions. Compared to the situation before the pandemic, fewer volunteers were working in the nursing homes, grandchildren visited their relative less often, and visits differed.
CONCLUSIONS
Five months after the visiting ban in Dutch nursing homes had been lifted, it still had an impact on residents, family members, and staff. It is questionable whether nursing homes feel prepared for welcoming visitors in the case of new COVID-19 infections. Nursing homes indicated that they felt prepared for the next wave, while at the same time, they were particularly concerned about staff well-being and vitality. It seems wise to invest in staff well-being. In addition, it seems desirable to think about how to support nursing homes in seeking a balance between infection prevention and well-being of residents, family members, and staff.
背景
为了保护养老院居民，世界上许多国家的政府在 2020 年 3 月和 4 月实施了全面访客禁令。因此，家属、朋友和志愿者都不被允许进入养老院，而居民也不被允许外出。到目前为止，对于访客禁令和养老院重新开放的长期后果和影响知之甚少。本研究旨在评估大流行对居民、家属和工作人员的长期影响，以及他们为下一次冠状病毒浪潮做好准备的情况。
方法
采用混合方法，包括问卷调查和文件分析（当地访客协议）。在参与荷兰全国试点项目欢迎访客返回养老院的 76 个养老院地点中，有 64 个参与了这项后续研究。数据于 2020 年 9 月/10 月收集。每个养老院都有一名联络人完成了问卷。对定量问卷数据进行了描述性统计。对开放式问题的数据以及文件中的数据进行了主题分析。
结果
研究表明，严格的访客禁令一旦解除，其后果并不会立即消失。尽管 2020 年 10 月，养老院的日常生活已经“恢复正常”，但超过三分之一的受访者表示他们仍在实施限制。与大流行前相比，在养老院工作的志愿者较少，孙辈探望亲人的频率较低，探视方式也有所不同。
结论
在荷兰养老院的访客禁令解除五个月后，它仍然对居民、家属和工作人员产生影响。养老院在迎接新的 COVID-19 感染时是否感到有准备值得怀疑。养老院表示，他们为下一波疫情做好了准备，同时，他们特别关注员工的幸福感和活力。投资于员工的幸福感似乎是明智的。此外，考虑如何支持养老院在预防感染和居民、家属和工作人员的福祉之间寻求平衡似乎是可取的。
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