Kumar Neeraj, Shetti Nagaraj P, Jagannath Somanath, Aminabhavi Tejraj M
Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012, India.
School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, India.
Chem Eng J. 2022 Feb 15;430:132966. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.132966. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
Coronavirus (COVID-19), a deadly pandemic has spread worldwide and created many global health issues. Though methods of its detection are being continuously developed for the early detection and monitoring of COVID-19, still there is need for more novel methods. The presently used methods include rapid antigen tests, serological surveys, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), artificial intelligence-based techniques, and assays based on sensors/biosensors. Of all these, RT-PCR test has high sensitivity and specificity though it requires more time for testing and need for skilled technicians. Recently, electrochemical sensors have been developed for rapid monitoring and detection of SARS-CoV-2 from the patient's biological fluid samples. This review covers the recently developed electrochemical sensors that are focused on the detection of viral nucleic acid, immunoglobulin, antigen, and the entire viral particles. In addition, we also compare and assess their detection limits, sensitivities and specificities for the identification and monitoring of COVID-19. Furthermore, this review will address the best practices for the development of electrochemical sensors such as electrode fouling, limit of detection/limit of quantification determination and verification.
冠状病毒（COVID-19）是一种致命的大流行病，已在全球蔓延并引发了许多全球健康问题。尽管针对COVID-19的早期检测和监测，其检测方法在不断发展，但仍需要更多新颖的方法。目前使用的方法包括快速抗原检测、血清学调查、逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、基于人工智能的技术以及基于传感器/生物传感器的检测方法。在所有这些方法中，RT-PCR检测具有高灵敏度和特异性，尽管它需要更多的检测时间且需要熟练的技术人员。最近，已经开发出电化学传感器用于从患者生物体液样本中快速监测和检测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）。本综述涵盖了最近开发的专注于检测病毒核酸、免疫球蛋白、抗原和整个病毒颗粒的电化学传感器。此外，我们还比较和评估了它们在识别和监测COVID-19方面的检测限、灵敏度和特异性。此外，本综述将探讨电化学传感器开发的最佳实践，如电极污染、检测限/定量限的确定和验证。
