Patel Anushka R, Hall Brian J
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Trauma Recovery Center, University of California, San Francisco (Patel); School of Global Public Health, New York University-Shanghai (Hall).
Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2021 Jun;19(2):197-203. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.20200049. Epub 2021 Jun 17.
Although trauma exposure is a global phenomenon, trauma reactions vary considerably across cultures. Western psychiatric diagnoses, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may be limited in capturing the breadth of trauma reactions in cross-cultural contexts. Instead, cross-cultural instruments should examine locally relevant reactions, such as idioms of distress and explanatory models of illness, and account for ongoing stress and adversity. This article explains the need for complementing traditional trauma assessment approaches, how to create culturally sensitive instruments, the style and stance of practicing cultural humility when administering instruments, how to account for ongoing trauma and adversity, and ways to incorporate findings into treatment. These steps can improve culturally sensitive and comprehensive trauma assessment to capture universal and culturally relevant trauma reactions.
尽管创伤暴露是一种全球现象，但创伤反应在不同文化中差异很大。西方的精神科诊断，如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD），在跨文化背景下捕捉创伤反应的广度方面可能存在局限性。相反，跨文化工具应检查当地相关的反应，如痛苦表达方式和疾病解释模型，并考虑持续的压力和逆境。本文解释了补充传统创伤评估方法的必要性、如何创建具有文化敏感性的工具、在使用工具时践行文化谦逊的方式和立场、如何考虑持续的创伤和逆境，以及将研究结果纳入治疗的方法。这些步骤可以改进具有文化敏感性和全面性的创伤评估，以捕捉普遍的和与文化相关的创伤反应。
