Parmigiani Elena, Scalera Marta, Mori Elisabetta, Tantillo Elena, Vannini Eleonora
Embryology and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2021 Oct 6;15:709917. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.709917. eCollection 2021.
In recent years, the direct interaction between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a crucial regulator of tumor growth and a promising therapeutic target. The TME, including the surrounding peritumoral regions, is dynamically modified during tumor progression and in response to therapies. However, the mechanisms regulating the crosstalk between malignant and non-malignant cells are still poorly understood, especially in the case of glioma, an aggressive form of brain tumor. The presence of unique brain-resident cell types, namely neurons and glial cells, and an exceptionally immunosuppressive microenvironment pose additional important challenges to the development of effective treatments targeting the TME. In this review, we provide an overview on the direct and indirect interplay between glioma and neuronal and glial cells, introducing new players and mechanisms that still deserve further investigation. We will focus on the effects of neural activity and glial response in controlling glioma cell behavior and discuss the potential of exploiting these cellular interactions to develop new therapeutic approaches with the aim to preserve proper brain functionality.
近年来，癌细胞与肿瘤微环境（TME）之间的直接相互作用已成为肿瘤生长的关键调节因子和一个有前景的治疗靶点。肿瘤微环境包括周围的肿瘤周围区域，在肿瘤进展过程中以及对治疗的反应中会动态改变。然而，调节恶性细胞与非恶性细胞之间串扰的机制仍知之甚少，尤其是在胶质瘤这种侵袭性脑肿瘤的情况下。独特的脑驻留细胞类型，即神经元和神经胶质细胞的存在，以及异常免疫抑制的微环境，给开发针对肿瘤微环境的有效治疗方法带来了额外的重大挑战。在这篇综述中，我们概述了胶质瘤与神经元和神经胶质细胞之间的直接和间接相互作用，介绍了仍值得进一步研究的新参与者和机制。我们将重点关注神经活动和神经胶质反应在控制胶质瘤细胞行为方面的作用，并讨论利用这些细胞相互作用开发新治疗方法以保留适当脑功能的潜力。
