Joudeh Nadeem, Saragliadis Athanasios, Schulz Christian, Voigt André, Almaas Eivind, Linke Dirk
Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Oct 8;12:741836. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741836. eCollection 2021.
Palladium (Pd), due to its unique catalytic properties, is an industrially important heavy metal especially in the form of nanoparticles. It has a wide range of applications from automobile catalytic converters to the pharmaceutical production of morphine. Bacteria have been used to biologically produce Pd nanoparticles as a new environmentally friendly alternative to the currently used energy-intensive and toxic physicochemical methods. Heavy metals, including Pd, are toxic to bacterial cells and cause general and oxidative stress that hinders the use of bacteria to produce Pd nanoparticles efficiently. In this study, we show in detail the Pd stress-related effects on . Pd stress effects were measured as changes in the transcriptome through RNA-Seq after 10 min of exposure to 100 μM sodium tetrachloropalladate (II). We found that 709 out of 3,898 genes were differentially expressed, with 58% of them being up-regulated and 42% of them being down-regulated. Pd was found to induce several common heavy metal stress-related effects but interestingly, Pd causes unique effects too. Our data suggests that Pd disrupts the homeostasis of Fe, Zn, and Cu cellular pools. In addition, the expression of inorganic ion transporters in was found to be massively modulated due to Pd intoxication, with 17 out of 31 systems being affected. Moreover, the expression of several carbohydrate, amino acid, and nucleotide transport and metabolism genes was vastly changed. These results bring us one step closer to the generation of genetically engineered strains with enhanced capabilities for Pd nanoparticles synthesis.
钯（Pd）因其独特的催化性能，是一种在工业上具有重要意义的重金属，特别是纳米颗粒形式。它有着广泛的应用，从汽车催化转化器到吗啡的药物生产。细菌已被用于生物生产钯纳米颗粒，作为目前使用的能源密集型且有毒的物理化学方法的一种新的环保替代方案。包括钯在内的重金属对细菌细胞有毒，并会引发一般应激和氧化应激，这阻碍了利用细菌高效生产钯纳米颗粒。在本研究中，我们详细展示了钯应激对……的影响。在暴露于100μM四氯钯酸钠（II）10分钟后，通过RNA测序将钯应激效应作为转录组的变化进行测量。我们发现，在3898个基因中有709个基因差异表达，其中58%上调，42%下调。发现钯会诱导几种常见的与重金属应激相关的效应，但有趣的是，钯也会导致独特的效应。我们的数据表明，钯会破坏铁、锌和铜细胞池的稳态。此外，发现由于钯中毒，……中无机离子转运蛋白的表达受到大量调节，31个系统中有17个受到影响。而且，几种碳水化合物、氨基酸和核苷酸运输及代谢基因的表达也发生了巨大变化。这些结果使我们朝着构建具有增强钯纳米颗粒合成能力的基因工程……菌株又迈进了一步。
