Mullins Martin, Holland Christopher P, Cunneen Martin
University of Limerick, Kemmy Business School, Limerick, Ireland.
Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
Patterns (N Y). 2021 Oct 8;2(10):100362. doi: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100362.
The European Union (EU) has a strong reputation and track record for the development of guidelines for the ethical use of artificial intelligence (AI) generally. In this paper, we discuss the development of an AI and ethical framework by the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), for the European insurance market. EIOPA's earlier report on big data analytics (EIOPA, 2019) provided a foundation to analyze the complex range of issues associated with AI being deployed in insurance, such as behavioral insurance, parametric products, novel pricing and risk assessment algorithms, e-service, and claims management. The paper presents an overview of AI in insurance applications throughout the insurance value chain. A general discussion of ethics, AI, and insurance is provided, and a new hierarchical model is presented that describes insurance as a complex system that can be analyzed by taking a layered, multi-level approach that maps ethical issues directly to specific level(s).
总体而言，欧盟在制定人工智能（AI）伦理使用指南方面声誉卓著且成绩斐然。在本文中，我们探讨了欧洲保险与职业养老金管理局（EIOPA）为欧洲保险市场制定的人工智能与伦理框架。EIOPA 早期关于大数据分析的报告（EIOPA，2019 年）为分析与保险领域部署人工智能相关的一系列复杂问题奠定了基础，这些问题包括行为保险、参数化产品、新颖的定价和风险评估算法、电子服务以及理赔管理等。本文概述了贯穿保险价值链的保险应用中的人工智能。文中对伦理、人工智能和保险进行了一般性讨论，并提出了一种新的层次模型，该模型将保险描述为一个复杂系统，可通过采用分层、多层次的方法进行分析，这种方法能将伦理问题直接映射到特定层次。
