Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Pediatrics, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.
BMC Pediatr. 2021 Oct 25;21(1):472. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02939-y.
Screen media exposure has been increasing in the preschool years. Risky aspects of screen exposure have many potential negative effects on children's health. We aimed to evaluate problematic screen exposure in Turkish preschool children by using a unique tool called the "Seven-in-Seven Screen Exposure Questionnaire" and to investigate factors associated with problematic screen exposure.
A questionnaire form was designed including general descriptive questions in the first part. In the second part, a questionnaire we designed called the "Seven-in-Seven Screen Exposure Questionnaire" was conducted to evaluate problematic screen exposure characteristics. The questionnaire included seven items: daily screen time, viewing with parent(s), setting screen limits, screen exposure during meals and in the hour before bedtime, age of onset of screen exposure, and viewing low-quality content. The total problematic screen exposure score (range 0-13) was generated by summing scores from the seven items. Total scores are classified into two categories: low (< 7) and high (≥ 7). Logistic regression was performed to search for independent parameters associated with problematic screen exposure.
One thousand two hundred forty-five mother-child pairs participated in this study. The median age of the children was 3.9 (IQR: 2.9-4.7) years and 51% were males. Overall, 280 children (22.5%) had a problematic screen exposure score of ≥7 (high). The median problematic screen exposure score was 4 (IQR: 3-6). Maternal age of < 30 years; paternal age of ≥30 years; maternal educational level of ≤12 years; the age of 24-48 months; home-based daycare; postponing eating, toileting, or sleeping while using a screen; and using touchscreen devices were found to be associated with an increased risk of having a high problematic screen exposure score.
Developing national scales to monitor problematic screen use in children would be more effective than monitoring screen time alone. All of the screen use characteristics not recommended in children would be evaluated using problematic screen exposure scales. The "Seven-in-Seven Screen Exposure Questionnaire" may serve as an example for further studies.
屏幕媒体的暴露在学龄前儿童中不断增加。屏幕暴露的危险方面对儿童的健康有许多潜在的负面影响。我们旨在使用一种名为“七进七出屏幕暴露问卷”的独特工具评估土耳其学龄前儿童的问题性屏幕暴露，并调查与问题性屏幕暴露相关的因素。
设计了一份问卷表格，第一部分包括一般描述性问题。在第二部分，我们设计了一个名为“七进七出屏幕暴露问卷”的问卷，用于评估问题性屏幕暴露特征。问卷包括七个项目：每天屏幕时间、与父母一起观看、设置屏幕限制、在进餐和睡前一小时内屏幕暴露、屏幕暴露的起始年龄以及观看低质量内容。通过将七个项目的分数相加来生成总问题性屏幕暴露分数（范围 0-13）。总分数分为两类：低（<7）和高（≥7）。进行逻辑回归以搜索与问题性屏幕暴露相关的独立参数。
本研究共有 1245 对母子参与。儿童的中位数年龄为 3.9（IQR：2.9-4.7）岁，51%为男性。总体而言，280 名儿童（22.5%）的问题性屏幕暴露评分≥7（高）。问题性屏幕暴露评分的中位数为 4（IQR：3-6）。母亲年龄<30 岁；父亲年龄≥30 岁；母亲教育水平≤12 年；24-48 个月；家庭日托；在用屏幕时推迟进食、上厕所或睡觉；使用触摸屏设备与高问题性屏幕暴露评分的风险增加有关。
开发监测儿童问题性屏幕使用的国家量表将比单独监测屏幕时间更有效。所有不建议儿童使用的屏幕使用特征都将使用问题性屏幕暴露量表进行评估。“七进七出屏幕暴露问卷”可作为进一步研究的范例。
