New Frontier Labs LLC, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A.
In Vivo. 2021 Nov-Dec;35(6):2991-3000. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12594.
The structure of the plasma membrane affects its function. Changes in membrane fluidity with concomitant effects on membrane protein activities and cellular communication often accompany the transition from a healthy to a diseased state. Although deliberate modulation of membrane fluidity with drugs has not been exploited to date, the latest data suggest the "druggability" of the membrane. Azelaic acid esters (azelates) modulate plasma membrane fluidity and exhibit a broad range of immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Azelates represent a new class of drugs, membrane active immunomodulators (MAIMs), which use the entire plasma membrane as the target, altering the dynamics of an innate feedback regulated homeostatic system, adaptive membrane fluidity modulation (AMFM). A review of the literature data spanning >200 years supports the notion that molecules in the MAIMs category including known drugs do exert immunomodulatory effects that have been either neglected or dismissed as off-target effects.
质膜的结构会影响其功能。随着从健康状态向疾病状态的转变，膜流动性的变化以及对膜蛋白活性和细胞通讯的伴随影响通常会发生。尽管迄今为止尚未利用药物故意调节膜流动性，但最新数据表明膜具有“可药性”。壬二酸酯（azelaates）可调节质膜流动性，并在体外和体内表现出广泛的免疫调节作用。壬二酸酯代表一类新的药物，即膜活性免疫调节剂（MAIMs），它们将整个质膜作为靶标，改变先天反馈调节的动态平衡系统，即适应性膜流动性调节（AMFM）的动力学。对跨越 200 多年的文献数据的回顾支持了这样一种观点，即 MAIMs 类中的分子包括已知药物确实会产生免疫调节作用，这些作用要么被忽视，要么被认为是脱靶作用。
