Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Physiology (Bethesda). 2022 Mar 1;37(2):88-100. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00033.2021. Epub 2021 Oct 26.
The lung is the major target organ of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes COVID-19. Here, we outline the multistep mechanisms of lung epithelial and endothelial injury induced by SARS-CoV-2: direct viral infection, chemokine/cytokine-mediated damage, and immune cell-mediated lung injury. Finally, we discuss the recent progress in terms of antiviral therapeutics as well as the development of anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches. This review also provides a systematic overview of the models for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection and discusses how an understanding of mechanisms of lung injury will help identify potential targets for future drug development to mitigate lung injury.
肺是 SARS-CoV-2 感染的主要靶器官，可引起 COVID-19。在这里，我们概述了 SARS-CoV-2 引起的肺上皮细胞和内皮细胞损伤的多步骤机制：直接病毒感染、趋化因子/细胞因子介导的损伤和免疫细胞介导的肺损伤。最后，我们讨论了抗病毒治疗以及抗炎或免疫调节治疗方法的最新进展。本综述还系统地概述了研究 SARS-CoV-2 感染的模型，并讨论了对肺损伤机制的理解如何有助于确定未来药物开发的潜在靶点，以减轻肺损伤。
