Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
Food Funct. 2021 Nov 15;12(22):11469-11481. doi: 10.1039/d1fo02049h.
: Concord grape () juice (CGJ) contains a unique combination of polyphenolic compounds with diverse effects on human health. It also has an intense sensory profile that may modify food choice. Daily consumption of CGJ over 8 weeks reduced fasting blood glucose. However, the impact on 24h-postprandial glucose response from CGJ is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of CGJ flavor intensity and phenolic content on 24 h postprandial glucose concentrations, appetitive sensations, and cognitive function in adults with excess body weight when consumed alone or with a meal. : In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study, participants consumed three types of beverages: 100% CGJ, a polyphenol-free grape flavored drink with the same flavor essence (LP) or a polyphenol-free grape flavored drink with reduced flavor essence (LPF) either without (trial I) or with (trial II) a meal. 24 h glucose was measured through continuous glucose monitoring. Phenolic metabolite excretion was assessed in 24 h urine samples. Appetite (hunger, thirst, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective consumption) and cognitive function (alertness, energetic, strength, calmness, and relaxation) were assessed hourly through visual analog scales. : Thirty-four adults completed trial I and 34 adults completed trial II. When consumed with a meal, beverages with customary flavor essence (CGJ and LP) reduced hunger, desire to eat, and prospective consumption and consumption of the polyphenol-free reduced flavor essence beverage was associated with higher 24 h glucose AUC. No consistent effects were observed for cognitive outcomes. When consumed alone, CGJ was related to lower glycemic responses by those excreting a higher concentration of the phenolic metabolite iso/ferulic-3'--glucuronide, but in beverages without CG phenolics and reduced flavor essence, glycemia was higher among those excreting higher concentrations of caffeic acid--sulfate. : Both natural phenolics and flavor essence of CGJ may help to moderate appetite and glycemia. Clinical Trials registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03409484 (trial I) and NCT03409497 (trial II).
康科德葡萄（ Concord grape ）汁（CGJ）含有独特的多酚化合物组合，对人体健康有多种影响。它还具有强烈的感官特征，可能会改变食物选择。连续 8 周每天饮用 CGJ 可降低空腹血糖。然而，CGJ 对餐后 24 小时血糖反应的影响仍不清楚。本研究的目的是评估 CGJ 风味强度和酚类含量对超重成年人单独或与餐食一起摄入后 24 小时餐后血糖浓度、食欲感和认知功能的影响。
在一项随机、双盲、交叉设计的研究中，参与者饮用了三种饮料：100%CGJ、一种含有相同风味精华但不含多酚的葡萄味饮料（LP）或一种含有较少风味精华但不含多酚的葡萄味饮料（LPF），分别在不进食（试验 I）或进食时（试验 II）饮用。通过连续血糖监测测量 24 小时血糖。通过 24 小时尿液样本评估酚类代谢物排泄。通过视觉模拟量表每小时评估食欲（饥饿、口渴、饱腹感、食欲和预期摄入量）和认知功能（警觉、精力、力量、平静和放松）。
34 名成年人完成了试验 I，34 名成年人完成了试验 II。当与餐食一起饮用时，含有常规风味精华的饮料（CGJ 和 LP）可降低饥饿感、食欲和预期摄入量，而饮用不含多酚和减少风味精华的 LPF 饮料与更高的 24 小时血糖 AUC 相关。对于认知结果，没有观察到一致的影响。当单独饮用时，CGJ 与那些排泄较高浓度酚类代谢物 iso/ferulic-3'--glucuronide 的人的较低血糖反应有关，但在不含 CG 酚类和减少风味精华的饮料中，排泄较高浓度咖啡酸硫酸盐的人的血糖较高。
天然酚类化合物和 CGJ 的风味精华都可能有助于调节食欲和血糖。临床试验在以下网站注册：http://www.clinicaltrials.gov：NCT03409484（试验 I）和 NCT03409497（试验 II）。
