辣木叶片的健康益处和酚类化合物：综合评价。

Health benefits and phenolic compounds of Moringa oleifera leaves: A comprehensive review.

机构信息

College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University - Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.

College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.

出版信息

Phytomedicine. 2021 Dec;93:153771. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153771. Epub 2021 Oct 1.

DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153771

PMID:34700271

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) is native to India and is a cash crop widely cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The health improving properties of MO has been studied from a long time ago for the numerous phenolic compounds, including vitamins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins, which are present in considerable amounts in the plant. A growing spectrum of therapeutic characteristics of MO leaves has been found and used in the remission or treatment of oxidative stress, liver disease, neurological disease, hyperglycemia and cancer.

HYPOTHESIS

This review focused on researches applying MO or MO leaf extract as a functional food or cure against various disease and cellular injuries. We believed it would help the discovery of therapeutic application of MO and understanding of MO phytochemistry.

METHODS

The data collected in this review were extracted from researches indexed in Web of Science, google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus to find out health benefits and biological activities of MO leaves polyphenols. The studies reporting mechanistic route of phenolic compounds of MO leaves were also considered in the present study.

RESULTS

It has been reported that polyphenols of MO leaf have protective characteristics against neurodegenerative disorders through reducing DNA damage, activation of AchE activity and inhibition of caspase-3 activity. It has been reported that, they protected the kidney from damage caused by melamine through suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine, metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1). Similarly, methanol extract of MO leaves has low hypoglycemic attributes and attenuate the risk of diabetes caused by alloxan by enhancing lipid metabolism and stimulating insulin release, glucose uptake, and glycogen synthesis. In addition, MO leaves are becoming the best phytomedicine to reduce hypertension, which are naturally known as angiotensin-1converting enzyme (ACE), acetylcholinesterase, arginase and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors.

CONCLUSION

MO leaves extract as a health promoting food additives for human and animals due to its great protective effect against many diseases and the widely persistent environmental toxins which disrupted cellular metabolic function. More studies are required to use the phenolic compounds of MO leaves to develop and produce drugs for controlling and treatment of various diseases.

摘要

背景

辣木（Moringa oleifera Lam）原产于印度，是一种在热带和亚热带广泛种植的经济作物。很久以前就开始研究辣木叶的健康改善特性，因为它含有大量的酚类化合物，包括维生素、类黄酮、酚酸、异硫氰酸盐、单宁和皂苷。辣木叶的治疗特性不断被发现，并用于缓解或治疗氧化应激、肝病、神经疾病、高血糖和癌症。

假设

本综述重点研究了将辣木或辣木叶提取物作为功能性食品或治疗各种疾病和细胞损伤的应用。我们相信这将有助于发现辣木的治疗应用，并深入了解辣木的植物化学。

方法

本综述中收集的数据来自于在 Web of Science、google scholar、PubMed、Science Direct 和 Scopus 索引的研究，以了解辣木叶多酚的健康益处和生物活性。本研究还考虑了报道辣木叶中酚类化合物作用机制的研究。

结果

已有研究报道，辣木叶多酚具有通过减少 DNA 损伤、激活乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）活性和抑制半胱天冬酶-3（caspase-3）活性来预防神经退行性疾病的保护特性。它们通过抑制促炎细胞因子、金属肽酶抑制剂 1（TIMP-1）和肾损伤分子 1（KIM-1），保护肾脏免受三聚氰胺造成的损伤。同样，辣木叶甲醇提取物具有降血糖作用，通过增强脂质代谢和刺激胰岛素释放、葡萄糖摄取和糖原合成，降低由丙烯醛引起的糖尿病风险。此外，辣木叶成为降低高血压的最佳植物药，因其天然具有血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）、乙酰胆碱酯酶、精氨酸酶和磷酸二酯酶 5（PDE5）抑制剂的特性。