Klier Kristina, Dörr Selina, Schmidt Annette
Fakultät Für Humanwissenschaften, Institut Für Sportwissenschaft, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany.
Forschungs- und Lehrgebiet Gesundheit, Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Oct 28;13(1):137. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00365-2.
In current sports science, the important role of sleep quality for health and peak performance is well acknowledged. More precisely, it is evident that the negative combination of stressful factors, low resources, and bad sleep habits causes short-term performance losses as well as long-term health consequences. As the maximization of human performance consisting of multiple fixed workloads is the main motivation in CrossFit® (CF), the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of high sleep quality on performance in CrossFit® athletes (CFA) and the different training categories that are addressed in CF.
In total, 149 CFA (81 females, 68 males; 32.01 ± 7.49 years old, 2.56 ± 1.77 active years in CF) filled in the online survey comprising the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and CF performance-specific questions.
It was found that CFA with high sleep quality reported higher values in all performance-related outcomes. Especially in Hero-/Girl-Workouts (χ2 = (1, n = 83) = 9.92, p = .002, φ = 0.37) and Gymnastics (χ2 = (1, n = 129) = 8.74, p = .003, φ = 0.28), performance differed significantly between good and poor sleeping CFA. Since those CF categories are highly technical- and cognitive-demanding high sleep quality seems to play a fundamental role in complex motor skill learning and performance development.
These results reveal for the first time the positive effects of high sleep quality for performance in CFA and could be used as basis for future studies. Future research should also develop and empirically test suitable interventions to foster high sleep quality in CFA.
The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich, Germany (06/04/2018).
在当前的运动科学领域，睡眠质量对健康和最佳表现的重要作用已得到广泛认可。更确切地说，压力因素、资源匮乏和不良睡眠习惯的负面组合显然会导致短期的表现下降以及长期的健康问题。由于CrossFit®（CF）运动的主要目标是使由多种固定工作量组成的人类表现最大化，因此本研究旨在调查高睡眠质量对CrossFit®运动员（CFA）的表现以及CF中涉及的不同训练类别的影响。
共有149名CFA（81名女性，68名男性；年龄32.01±7.49岁，在CF运动中的活跃年限为2.56±1.77年）填写了在线调查问卷，该问卷包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）和CF运动表现相关问题。
研究发现，睡眠质量高的CFA在所有与表现相关的指标上得分更高。特别是在“英雄/女子训练项目”（χ2 =（1，n = 83）= 9.92，p = 0.002，φ = 0.37）和“体操项目”（χ2 =（1，n = 129）= 8.74，p = 0.003，φ = 0.28）中，睡眠良好和睡眠不佳的CFA在表现上存在显著差异。由于这些CF训练项目对技术和认知要求较高，因此高睡眠质量似乎在复杂运动技能学习和表现发展中起着至关重要的作用。
这些结果首次揭示了高睡眠质量对CFA表现的积极影响，可为未来研究提供基础。未来的研究还应开发并实证检验适合的干预措施，以提高CFA的睡眠质量。
本研究按照《赫尔辛基宣言》的指导方针进行，并获得了德国慕尼黑联邦国防军大学伦理委员会的批准（2018年4月6日）。
