Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2022 Jan;191(2):243-255. doi: 10.1007/s10549-021-06406-1. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
Immunotherapy has resulted in unprecedented gains in long-term outcomes for many cancer types and has revolutionized the treatment landscape of solid tumor oncology. Checkpoint inhibition in combination with chemotherapy has proven to be effective for the treatment of a subset of advanced triple-negative breast cancer in the first-line setting. This initial success is likely just the tip of the iceberg as there is much that remains unknown about how to best harness the immune system as a therapeutic strategy in all breast cancer subtypes. Therefore, numerous ongoing studies are currently underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy in breast cancer. In this review, we will discuss emerging immunotherapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment including the following: (1) Intratumoral therapies, (2) Anti-tumor vaccines, (3) B-specific T-cell engagers, and (4) Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and (5) Emerging systemic immunotherapy strategies. For each topic, we will review the existing preclinical and clinical literature, discuss ongoing clinical trials, and highlight future directions in the field.
免疫疗法已使许多癌症类型的长期疗效取得前所未有的进展，并彻底改变了实体肿瘤肿瘤学的治疗格局。在一线治疗中，检查点抑制剂联合化疗已被证明对治疗部分晚期三阴性乳腺癌有效。这种初步的成功可能只是冰山一角，因为对于如何将免疫系统作为一种治疗策略应用于所有乳腺癌亚型，我们还有很多未知。因此，目前正在进行大量的研究来评估免疫疗法在乳腺癌中的安全性和疗效。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论用于乳腺癌治疗的新兴免疫治疗策略，包括：（1）肿瘤内治疗，（2）抗肿瘤疫苗，（3）B 细胞特异性 T 细胞衔接物，（4）嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞疗法，以及（5）新兴的全身免疫治疗策略。对于每个主题，我们将回顾现有的临床前和临床文献，讨论正在进行的临床试验，并强调该领域的未来方向。
