Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Clinical Epidemiology Team, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Villejuif, France.
Department of Geriatrics, Ambroise Paré University Medical Center, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2021 Dec 28;37(Suppl 2):ii23-ii32. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfab262.
Neurocognitive disorders are frequent among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Identifying and characterizing cognitive impairment (CI) can help to assess the ability of adherence to CKD risk reduction strategy, identify potentially reversible causes of cognitive decline, modify pharmacotherapy, educate the patient and caregiver and provide appropriate patient and caregiver support. Numerous factors are associated with the development and progression of CI in CKD patients and various conditions can influence the results of cognitive assessment in these patients. Here we review clinical warning signs that should lead to cognitive screening; conditions frequent in CKD at risk to interfere with cognitive testing or performance, including specificities of cognitive assessment in dialysis patients or after kidney transplantation; and available tests for screening and observed cognitive patterns in CKD patients.
神经认知障碍在慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者中较为常见。识别和描述认知障碍（CI）有助于评估患者对 CKD 风险降低策略的依从能力，确定认知能力下降的潜在可逆性原因，调整药物治疗，对患者和照护者进行教育，并为其提供适当的支持。许多因素与 CKD 患者 CI 的发生和进展相关，各种情况会影响这些患者认知评估的结果。本文综述了可能导致认知筛查的临床警示征象，以及在 CKD 患者中易发生且可能干扰认知测试或表现的疾病，包括透析患者或肾移植后认知评估的具体情况，以及用于 CKD 患者筛查的现有测试和观察到的认知模式。
