Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Clinical Thanatology and Geriatric Behavioral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka, Japan.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022 Feb;70(2):541-548. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17535. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
Many physical functions decline with aging, but it is not known whether oral functions vary according to sex or decline with aging, as it occurs with physical functions. The present study aimed to examine the association of sex, age, and elapsed years with occlusal force and tongue pressure using a generalized linear mixed-effect model (GLMM) over a 3-year period among old-old Japanese adults.
Participants were community-dwelling older adults who participated in a survey (June 2014-March 2017) and a follow-up survey (July 2017-December 2019) after 3 years (n = 951: 70-year group, n = 466; 80-year group, n = 391; 90-year group, n = 94). Dental examinations including the number of teeth, occlusal force, and tongue pressure were conducted, and a GLMM was used to estimate the association of sex, age, and elapsed years with occlusal force and tongue pressure, adjusting for the number of teeth.
The GLMM showed that occlusal force was significantly associated with sex (reference; male, non-standardized coefficient: B = -66.9 [female], p < 0.001), age (reference; 70-year group, B = -81.7 [80-year group], p < 0.001, B = -87.2 [90-year group], p < 0.001), and the number of teeth (B = 13.8, p < 0.001), but did not significantly decrease with elapsed years. Tongue pressure was significantly associated with sex (reference; male, B = -0.94 [female], p = 0.034) and age (reference; 70-year group, B = -1.78 [80-year group], p < 0.001, B = -5.47 [90-year group], p < 0.001). Tongue pressure decreased significantly with elapsed years (B = -0.82, p < 0.001).
These findings suggest that tongue pressure significantly decreased over time, but occlusal force did not. Tongue-related muscles may be more susceptible to aging than masticatory muscles.
许多身体功能会随着年龄的增长而下降，但目前尚不清楚口腔功能是否会因性别而异，或者是否会像身体功能一样随着年龄的增长而下降。本研究旨在使用广义线性混合效应模型（GLMM），在 3 年内，对日本老年人群的咬合力量和舌压与性别、年龄和经过的时间之间的关系进行检验。
参与者为参加了一项调查（2014 年 6 月至 2017 年 3 月）并在 3 年后（2017 年 7 月至 2019 年 12 月）进行了随访调查的社区居住的老年人（n=951：70 岁组，n=466；80 岁组，n=391；90 岁组，n=94）。进行了牙齿检查，包括牙齿数量、咬合力量和舌压。使用 GLMM 来估计性别、年龄和经过的时间与咬合力量和舌压之间的关系，同时调整牙齿数量。
GLMM 显示，咬合力量与性别显著相关（参考值：男性，非标准化系数：B=-66.9[女性]，p<0.001），与年龄显著相关（参考值：70 岁组，B=-81.7[80 岁组]，p<0.001，B=-87.2[90 岁组]，p<0.001），与牙齿数量显著相关（B=13.8，p<0.001），但与经过的时间无关。舌压与性别显著相关（参考值：男性，B=-0.94[女性]，p=0.034）和年龄显著相关（参考值：70 岁组，B=-1.78[80 岁组]，p<0.001，B=-5.47[90 岁组]，p<0.001）。舌压随着经过的时间显著下降（B=-0.82，p<0.001）。
这些发现表明，舌压随时间显著下降，而咬合力量没有。与咀嚼肌肉相比，舌相关肌肉可能更容易受到衰老的影响。
