Bozorov Tohir A, Toshmatov Zokir O, Kahar Gulnaz, Zhang Daoyuan, Shao Hua, Gafforov Yusufjon
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Oct 15;12:743831. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.743831. eCollection 2021.
The gut microflora of insects plays important roles throughout their lives. Different foods and geographic locations change gut bacterial communities. The invasive wood-borer causes extensive mortality of wild apple, , which is considered a progenitor of all cultivated apples, in Tianshan forests. Recent analysis showed that the gut microbiota of larvae collected from Tianshan forests showed rich bacterial diversity but the absence of fungal species. In this study, we explored the antagonistic ability of the gut bacteria to address this absence of fungi in the larval gut. The results demonstrated that the gut bacteria were able to selectively inhibit wild apple tree-associated fungi. Among them, showed strong antagonistic ability, producing antifungal compounds. Using different analytical methods, such as column chromatography, mass spectrometry, HPLC, and NMR, an antifungal compound, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), was identified. Activity of the compound was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration method and electron microscopy. Moreover, our study showed that the gut bacteria could originate from noninfested apple microflora during infestation. Overall, the results showed that in newly invaded locations, larvae changed their gut microbiota and adopted new gut bacteria that prevented fungal colonization in the gut.
昆虫的肠道微生物群在其整个生命过程中发挥着重要作用。不同的食物和地理位置会改变肠道细菌群落。入侵性蛀木虫在天山森林中导致野生苹果（被认为是所有栽培苹果的祖先）大量死亡。最近的分析表明，从天山森林采集的幼虫肠道微生物群显示出丰富的细菌多样性，但没有真菌物种。在本研究中，我们探索了肠道细菌的拮抗能力，以解决幼虫肠道中真菌缺失的问题。结果表明，肠道细菌能够选择性地抑制与野生苹果树相关的真菌。其中，[具体细菌名称]表现出较强的拮抗能力，能产生抗真菌化合物。通过柱色谱、质谱、高效液相色谱和核磁共振等不同分析方法，鉴定出一种抗真菌化合物吩嗪 -1- 羧酸（PCA）。采用最低抑菌浓度法和电子显微镜测定了该化合物的活性。此外，我们的研究表明，肠道细菌可能在侵染过程中源自未受侵染的苹果微生物群。总体而言，结果表明在新入侵的地点，[蛀木虫名称]幼虫改变了其肠道微生物群，并采用了新的肠道细菌来防止真菌在肠道中定殖。
