Soliman Essam S, Hassan Rania A, Farid Doaa S
Animal, Poultry, and Environmental Hygiene Division, Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis, and Animal Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Animal Production Division, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Open Vet J. 2021 Jul-Sep;11(3):483-499. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i3.22. Epub 2021 Sep 10.
Innovative water treatments and purification processes have become a point of interest to provide solutions and meet the basic water requirements and demands. Clay plays a key role in environmental protection from pollutants through ion exchange and/or adsorption.
The study evaluated the adsorption and antimicrobial efficiency of clay in purifying polluted water, as well as the influence of clay-purified water on performance, immunity, and microbial counts.
The experimented 280 one-day-old Hubbard broilers were divided into seven groups on a deep litter system. Polluted water (lead nitrate; 500 mg/l, calcium sulfate; 80 mg/l, yeast extract 5%; 5 mg/l, diazinon; 2.5 ml/l, Typhimurium; 1.5 × 10 CFU/ml, and ; 1 × 10 OPG/ml) was filtered using plastic basins of 1 m supplied with 60 cm layer of clay. Broiler groups (G1 to G6) were supplied with clay-filtered and G7 with control tape water. A total of 2,182 samples, including 54 water samples, 266 sera, 266 duodenal swabs, 266 breast muscles, 266 fecal samples, and 1,064 organs including liver, spleen, heart, and bursa of Fabricius were collected.
Weight gains, performance indices, water intakes, water/feed intake ratios, live body weights, carcasses weights, edible and immune organs' weights, immunoglobulin G and M, total antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase revealed highly significant ( < 0.01) increases in all broiler groups supplemented with clay-filtered water compared to the control group. Meanwhile, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cortisol hormone, total bacterial and counts, total counts, and counts revealed highly significant ( < 0.01) declines in all broiler groups supplemented with clay-filtered water compared to the control group.
Clay filters provided high filtration, adsorption, and antimicrobial efficiency against polluted water, enhanced water quality, and improved performance and immunity in broiler chickens.
创新的水处理和净化工艺已成为提供解决方案并满足基本用水需求的关注点。黏土通过离子交换和/或吸附在环境保护免受污染物侵害方面发挥关键作用。
本研究评估了黏土在净化污水中的吸附和抗菌效率，以及黏土净化水对性能、免疫力和微生物数量的影响。
将280只1日龄的哈伯德肉鸡在厚垫料饲养系统中分为七组。使用装有60厘米厚黏土层的1米塑料盆对污水（硝酸铅；500毫克/升、硫酸钙；80毫克/升、酵母提取物5%；5毫克/升、二嗪农；2.5毫升/升、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌；1.5×10菌落形成单位/毫升，以及；1×10卵囊/毫升）进行过滤。肉鸡组（G1至G6）供应经黏土过滤的水，G7供应对照自来水。共采集了2182份样本，包括54份水样、266份血清、266份十二指肠拭子、266份胸肌、266份粪便样本以及1064个器官，包括肝脏、脾脏。心脏和法氏囊。
与对照组相比，所有补充黏土过滤水的肉鸡组的体重增加、性能指标、饮水量、水/饲料摄入比、活体体重、胴体重量、可食用和免疫器官重量、免疫球蛋白G和M、总抗氧化能力、乳酸脱氢酶、丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶均显示出极显著（<0.01）增加。同时，与对照组相比，所有补充黏土过滤水的肉鸡组的总蛋白、丙氨酸转氨酶、肌酐、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、皮质醇激素、总细菌和计数、总计数以及计数均显示出极显著（<0.01）下降。
黏土过滤器对污水具有高过滤、吸附和抗菌效率，提高了水质，并改善了肉鸡的性能和免疫力。
