Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin‑gu, Jeollabuk‑do 54896, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea.
Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin‑gu, Jeollabuk‑do 54896, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Dec;105(23):8715-8725. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11643-x. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
All eukaryotes have lysosomes that contain hydrolytic enzymes, such as protease, that degrade waste materials and cellular fragments. As a cellular organelle, lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself. In a previous study, melanin compounds were bleached using lysosome-related organelle extract (LOE) in which glutathione peroxidase (GPX) contributed decisively to melanin decolorization. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered to overproduce GPX, which increases the melanin color reduction activity of LOE. In addition, the peroxidase activity of the recombinant yeast was measured for each compartment. In spite of the modification to overexpress the GPX protein, with the peroxidase activity of the lysosome fraction specifically higher, the overall peroxidase activity of the cells remained constant. The overexpression of GPX2 among the GPX present in S. cerevisiae increased both the melanin-decolorization activity and the peroxidase activity of LOE. These results indicate that the peroxidase activity is related to the melanin decomposition and antioxidant enzymes such as GPX. In an artificial skin tissue test, the LOE extracted from the recombinant yeast was efficient in reducing the melanin. These results confirmed the enzyme's ability to penetrate corneous tissue, and they suggest the possibility of further development as a new whitening cosmetic. KEY POINTS: • Modification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to overexpress glutathione peroxidase (GPX). • The lysosome fraction of the recombinant strain enhanced the decolorizing function. • The LOE penetrates the skin barrier and works effectively on artificial skin tissue.
所有真核生物都有溶酶体，其中含有水解酶，如蛋白酶，可降解废物和细胞碎片。作为一种细胞细胞器，溶酶体充当细胞的消化系统，既能降解从细胞外摄取的物质，又能消化细胞自身过时的成分。在之前的一项研究中，使用含有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPX) 的溶酶体相关细胞器提取物 (LOE) 漂白了黑色素化合物，其中 GPX 对黑色素褪色起决定性作用。在这项研究中，对酿酒酵母进行了工程改造以过表达 GPX，这增加了 LOE 的黑色素还原活性。此外，还测量了每个隔室中重组酵母的过氧化物酶活性。尽管对过表达 GPX 蛋白进行了修饰，并且溶酶体部分的过氧化物酶活性特别高，但细胞的总过氧化物酶活性保持不变。酿酒酵母中存在的 GPX 中的 GPX2 过表达增加了 LOE 的黑色素脱色活性和过氧化物酶活性。这些结果表明过氧化物酶活性与黑色素分解和抗氧化酶如 GPX 有关。在人工皮肤组织测试中，从重组酵母中提取的 LOE 有效地减少了黑色素。这些结果证实了该酶穿透角蛋白组织的能力，并表明其作为新型美白化妆品进一步开发的可能性。要点：
对酿酒酵母进行修饰以过表达谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPX)。
重组菌株的溶酶体部分增强了脱色功能。
LOE 穿透皮肤屏障，在人工皮肤组织上有效发挥作用。
