Hester Neil, Xie Sally Y, Hehman Eric
Department of Psychology, McGill University.
Psychol Sci. 2021 Dec;32(12):1907-1917. doi: 10.1177/09567976211019950. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
To what extent are perceivers' first impressions of other individuals dictated by cultural background rather than personal idiosyncrasies? To address this question, we analyzed a globally diverse data set containing 11,481 adult participants' ratings of 120 targets across 45 countries (2,597,624 total ratings). Across ratings of 13 traits, we found that perceivers' idiosyncratic differences accounted for approximately 29% of variance and impressions on their own and approximately 16% in conjunction with target characteristics. However, country- and region-level differences, here a proxy for culture, accounted for 3.2% on average (i.e., both alone and in conjunction with target characteristics). We replicated this pattern of effects in a preregistered analysis on an entirely novel data set containing 7,007 participants' ratings of 100 targets across 41 countries (24,886 total ratings). Together, these results suggest that perceivers' impressions of other people are largely dictated by their individual characteristics and local environment rather than their cultural background.
感知者对他人的第一印象在多大程度上是由文化背景而非个人特质决定的？为了回答这个问题，我们分析了一个全球多样化的数据集，其中包含来自45个国家的11481名成年参与者对120个目标的评分（总计2597624个评分）。在对13种特质的评分中，我们发现感知者的特质差异约占方差的29%，单独对其自身印象的方差占比约为16%，与目标特征共同作用时占比约为16%。然而，国家和地区层面的差异（在此作为文化的代理变量）平均占3.2%（即单独以及与目标特征共同作用时）。我们在一项预先注册的分析中，对一个全新的数据集重复了这种效应模式，该数据集包含来自41个国家的7007名参与者对100个目标的评分（总计24886个评分）。总之，这些结果表明，感知者对他人的印象很大程度上是由他们的个人特征和当地环境决定的，而非文化背景。
