Epidemiology Consultant, Tiffin, Iowa.
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022 Jan;31(1):5-10. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0934. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Alcoholic beverages are carcinogenic to humans. Globally, an estimated 4.1% of new cancer cases in 2020 were attributable to alcoholic beverages. However, the full cancer burden due to alcohol is uncertain because for many cancer (sub)types, associations remain inconclusive. Additionally, associations of consumption with therapeutic response, disease progression, and long-term cancer outcomes are not fully understood, public awareness of the alcohol-cancer link is low, and the interrelationships of alcohol control regulations and cancer risk are unclear. In December 2020, the U.S. NCI convened a workshop and public webinar that brought together a panel of scientific experts to review what is known about and identify knowledge gaps regarding alcohol and cancer. Examples of gaps identified include: (i) associations of alcohol consumption patterns across the life course with cancer risk; (ii) alcohol's systemic carcinogenic effects; (iii) alcohol's influence on treatment efficacy, patient-reported outcomes, and long-term prognosis; (iv) communication strategies to increase awareness of the alcohol-cancer link; and (v) the impact of alcohol control policies to reduce consumption on cancer incidence and mortality. Interdisciplinary research and implementation efforts are needed to increase relevant knowledge, and to develop effective interventions focused on improving awareness, and reducing harmful consumption to decrease the alcohol-related cancer burden.
酒精饮料对人类具有致癌性。据估计，全球 2020 年有 4.1%的新增癌症病例归因于酒精饮料。然而，由于许多癌症（亚型）的关联仍不确定，因此，由于酒精而导致的全部癌症负担尚不确定。此外，饮酒与治疗反应、疾病进展和长期癌症结局的关联尚未完全阐明，公众对酒精与癌症关联的认识程度较低，酒精控制法规与癌症风险的相互关系也不清楚。2020 年 12 月，美国国家癌症研究所召开了一次研讨会和公开网络研讨会，召集了一组科学专家，审查了已知的有关酒精和癌症的知识，并确定了知识空白。确定的空白包括：（i）终生饮酒模式与癌症风险的关联；（ii）酒精的全身致癌作用；（iii）酒精对治疗效果、患者报告的结果和长期预后的影响；（iv）提高对酒精与癌症关联的认识的沟通策略；以及（v）减少饮酒以降低癌症发病率和死亡率的酒精控制政策的影响。需要开展跨学科的研究和实施工作，以增加相关知识，并制定有效的干预措施，重点是提高认识，减少有害饮酒，以降低与酒精有关的癌症负担。
